CVE-2026-41242

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-04-16. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-23678 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.8%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. In versions prior to 8.0.1, 7.5.5, and 6.11.6, attackers can inject arbitrary code in the "type" fields of protobuf definitions, which will then execute during object decoding using that definition. Versions 8.0.1, 7.5.5, and 6.11.6 patch the issue.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.8%
EPSS %ILE
56th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.8% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 18, 2026

Last Modified

November 3, 2026

Advisory Details (13)

Auto-updated Nov 7, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, redhat.
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit ff7b2afef875 (protobufjs/protobuf.js)

Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-cli-v1.3.3 (contains commit ff7b2afef875)

https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/ff7b2afef8754837cc6dc64c864cd111ab477956
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 535df444ac06 (protobufjs/protobuf.js)

Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-cli-v2.5.1 (contains commit 535df444ac06)

https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/535df444ac060243722ac5d672db205e5c531d75
GitHub commit

commit 086916b4a52c (protobufjs/protobuf.js)

Fix landed in protobufjs/protobuf.js commit 086916b4a52c — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/commit/086916b4a52c9f73ce88956edbb38fc902e54bbf
Red Hat

2459442 – (CVE-2026-41242) CVE-2026-41242 protobufjs: protobufjs: Arbitrary code execution via injected protobuf definition type fields

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2459442
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

CVE-2026-41242 - Red Hat Customer Portal

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or OpenShift Container Platform 4, is affected by this vulnerability and a fix may be released to a

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-41242
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:62260
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:37275
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:26234
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24977
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:21338
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Code execution through attacker-controlled protobuf definitions · Advisory · protobufjs/protobuf.js · GitHub

https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/security/advisories/GHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg
GitHub release Patch Available

protobufjs: v8.0.1

Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-v8.0.1

https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v8.0.1
GitHub release Patch Available

v7.5.5

Patch available: protobufjs/protobuf.js protobufjs-v7.5.5

https://github.com/protobufjs/protobuf.js/releases/tag/protobufjs-v7.5.5

Patch Availability(9)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatrhoai/odh-workbench-jupyter-trustyai-cpu-py312-rhel9:17902609542026-09-30redhat
redhatdevspaces/code-rhel9:17877627932026-09-01redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-mod-arch-maas-rhel9:17830826802026-07-09redhat
redhatrhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:17811873422026-06-16redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-mod-arch-model-registry-rhel9:17804671472026-06-10redhat
redhatrhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:17798415862026-05-27redhat
npmprotobufjs @ 6.11.6 (fixes < 6.11.6)—ghsa
npmprotobufjs @ 8.0.1 (fixes >= 8.0.0, < 8.0.1)—ghsa
npmprotobufjs @ 7.5.5 (fixes >= 7.0.0, < 7.5.5)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
protobufjs—
  • 8.0.0 up to 8.0.1: fixed in 8.0.1
  • 7.0.0 up to 7.5.5: fixed in 7.5.5
  • every version up to 6.11.6: fixed in 6.11.6
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 76× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 394 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 294 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 07:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 07:24 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-13 07:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 05:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 05:53 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-12 05:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  9. 2026-11-11 04:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-11 04:27 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-11 04:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-10 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  13. 2026-11-10 02:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-10 02:57 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-10 02:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  17. 2026-11-09 01:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-09 01:32 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-09 01:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  21. 2026-11-08 00:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-08 00:07 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-08 00:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-11-07 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  25. 2026-11-06 22:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-06 22:40 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-06 22:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  4. 2026-11-06 07:55 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-11-05 21:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-05 21:15 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-05 21:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  9. 2026-11-04 19:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-04 19:50 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-04 19:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  13. 2026-11-03 18:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  14. 2026-11-03 17:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-03 17:26 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-11-03 17:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  17. 2026-11-03 16:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  18. 2026-11-03 16:20 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-03 16:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-03 12:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-03 12:51 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-11-03 12:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  24. 2026-11-02 11:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-02 11:25 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-11-02 11:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  27. 2026-11-01 09:59 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-11-01 09:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  29. 2026-11-01 07:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-xq3m-2v4x-88gg · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  30. 2026-11-01 07:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  32. 2026-10-31 08:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-31 08:34 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  35. 2026-10-30 07:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-30 07:08 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  38. 2026-10-29 05:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-29 05:42 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  41. 2026-10-28 04:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-28 04:16 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  44. 2026-10-27 02:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-27 02:41 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  47. 2026-10-25 21:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-25 21:09 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  50. 2026-10-25 14:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-24 19:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-24 19:44 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  54. 2026-10-23 18:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-23 18:19 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  57. 2026-10-22 16:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-22 16:53 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  60. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 62nd percentile
  61. 2026-10-21 15:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-21 15:24 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  64. 2026-10-20 13:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-20 13:59 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  67. 2026-10-19 12:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-19 12:33 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  70. 2026-10-18 10:51 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-10-18 03:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  73. 2026-10-17 09:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-17 09:24 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-41242?
CVE-2026-41242 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 18, 2026. protobufjs compiles protobuf definitions into JavaScript (JS) functions. In versions prior to 8.0.1, 7.5.5, and 6.11.6, attackers can inject arbitrary code in the "type" fields of protobuf definitions, which will then execute during object decoding using that definition. Versions 8.0.1, 7.5.5, and…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-41242 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-41242 was published on April 18, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 3, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-41242 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-41242 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.8% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (56th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-41242?
CVE-2026-41242 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-41242?
A fix for CVE-2026-41242 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-41242 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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