CVE-2026-25547

CRITICALNVD 9.29.2
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.2 under NVD CVSS. EPSS exploit probability: 0.5% (45th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS

Also known asEUVD-2026-5326 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.2EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 9.2Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

@isaacs/brace-expansion is a hybrid CJS/ESM TypeScript fork of brace-expansion. Prior to version 5.0.1, @isaacs/brace-expansion is vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) issue caused by unbounded brace range expansion. When an attacker provides a pattern containing repeated numeric brace ranges, the library attempts to eagerly generate every possible combination synchronously. Because the expansion grows exponentially, even a small input can consume excessive CPU and memory and may crash the Node.js process. This issue has been patched in version 5.0.1.

CVSS
9.2
EG Score
9.2CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
57
EG Risk 57/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity92% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.2 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
45th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.2): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.2 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.2 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 4, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Uncontrolled Resource Consumption in @isaacs/brace-expansion · Advisory · isaacs/brace-expansion · GitHub

https://github.com/isaacs/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2

Patch Availability(8)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatnodejs:22-9060020260409121057.rhel92026-04-14redhat
redhatnodejs24-1:24.14.1-2.el10_12026-04-13redhat
redhatnodejs22-1:22.22.2-2.el10_02026-04-09redhat
redhatnodejs:24-9070020260402152654.rhel92026-04-09redhat
redhatnodejs:22-9070020260401095228.rhel92026-04-09redhat
redhatnodejs:22-8100020260331102257.6d8804032026-04-08redhat
redhatnodejs22-1:22.22.2-1.el10_12026-04-08redhat
npm@isaacs/brace-expansion @ 5.0.1 (fixes <= 5.0.0)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-brace-expansion2.0.0-1 ... 2.0.3+~1.1.2-3 (8 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-brace-expansion2.0.1+~1.1.0-1 ... 2.1.4+~1.1.2-1 (7 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-brace-expansion2.0.1+~1.1.0-2, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-1, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-2, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-3, 2.1.4+~1.1.2-1
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-brace-expansion2.0.1+~1.1.0-2, 2.0.3+~1.1.2-1
  • every version up to 2.0.3+~1.1.2-2: fixed in 2.0.3+~1.1.2-2
—
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
@isaacs/brace-expansion—
  • every version up to 5.0.1: fixed in 5.0.1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 22× in last 7d / 74× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 333 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 233 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 12:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 12:19 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-13 12:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  4. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 13:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 13:14 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-12 13:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  8. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  9. 2026-11-11 14:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-11 14:11 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-11 14:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  12. 2026-11-10 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  13. 2026-11-10 15:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-10 15:07 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-10 15:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  16. 2026-11-09 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  17. 2026-11-09 16:05 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-09 16:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  19. 2026-11-08 17:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-08 17:01 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-11-08 17:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  22. 2026-11-08 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  23. 2026-11-07 17:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-07 17:59 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-11-07 17:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-07 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  2. 2026-11-06 18:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-06 18:57 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-06 18:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  5. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  6. 2026-11-06 03:55 UTCOSV refresh
  7. 2026-11-05 19:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-05 19:55 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-11-05 19:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  10. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  11. 2026-11-04 20:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-04 20:53 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-11-04 20:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  14. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  15. 2026-11-03 21:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-03 21:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  17. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  18. 2026-11-02 22:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-02 22:48 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-11-02 22:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  21. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  22. 2026-11-01 23:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-01 23:44 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-11-01 23:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  25. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  26. 2026-11-01 07:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-7h2j-956f-4vf2 · GitHub severity HIGH
  27. 2026-11-01 00:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-11-01 00:41 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  30. 2026-10-31 01:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-31 01:39 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  33. 2026-10-30 02:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-30 02:38 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  36. 2026-10-29 03:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-29 03:36 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  39. 2026-10-28 04:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-28 04:33 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  42. 2026-10-27 05:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-27 05:30 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  45. 2026-10-26 02:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-26 02:23 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  48. 2026-10-25 14:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-25 03:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-25 03:22 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  52. 2026-10-24 04:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-24 04:18 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  55. 2026-10-23 05:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-23 05:16 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  58. 2026-10-22 06:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-22 06:14 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  61. 2026-10-21 07:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-21 07:06 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  64. 2026-10-20 08:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-20 08:01 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  67. 2026-10-19 08:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-19 08:57 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  70. 2026-10-18 09:53 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-10-18 03:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  73. 2026-10-17 06:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-17 06:55 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-25547?
CVE-2026-25547 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 4, 2026. @isaacs/brace-expansion is a hybrid CJS/ESM TypeScript fork of brace-expansion. Prior to version 5.0.1, @isaacs/brace-expansion is vulnerable to a denial of service (DoS) issue caused by unbounded brace range expansion. When an attacker provides a pattern containing repeated numeric brace ranges,…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-25547 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-25547 was published on February 4, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-25547 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-25547 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (45th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-25547?
CVE-2026-25547 has a CVSS base score of 9.2 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-25547?
A fix for CVE-2026-25547 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-25547 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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