CVE-2021-43859

HIGHNVD 7.57.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2022-02-01. NVD baseline CVSS 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2022-1176 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 7.9%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

XStream is an open source java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Versions prior to 1.4.19 may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. XStream 1.4.19 monitors and accumulates the time it takes to add elements to collections and throws an exception if a set threshold is exceeded. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. Users unable to upgrade may set the NO_REFERENCE mode to prevent recursion. See GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf for further details on a workaround if an upgrade is not possible.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
7.5HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
65
EG Risk 65/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity75% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
7.9%
EPSS %ILE
94th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
7.9% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 1, 2022

Last Modified

November 3, 2025

Advisory Details (7)

Auto-updated Nov 12, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
Web page

oss-security - Vulnerability in Jenkins

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/09/1
Web page

XStream - CVE-2021-43859

https://x-stream.github.io/CVE-2021-43859.html
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 34 Update: xstream-1.4.19-1.fc34 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XODFRE2ZL64FICBJDOPWOLPTSSAI4U7X/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 35 Update: xstream-1.4.19-1.fc35 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VACQYG356OHUTD5WQGAQ4L2TTFTAV3SJ/
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 2924-1] libxstream-java security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00018.html
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

XStream can cause a Denial of Service by injecting highly recursive collections or maps · Advisory · x-stream/xstream · GitHub

https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf
GitHub commit

commit e8e88621ba1c (x-stream/xstream)

Fix landed in x-stream/xstream commit e8e88621ba1c — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatpatch2022-07-19redhat
redhatxstream2022-07-07redhat
redhatjenkins-0:2.319.3.1650348949-1.el72022-04-27redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 0× in last 7d / 0× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat.

  1. 2026-11-13 12:26 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-11-12 19:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-12 19:23 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-12 19:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  5. 2026-11-12 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  6. 2026-11-11 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  7. 2026-11-10 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  8. 2026-11-09 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  9. 2026-11-08 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  10. 2026-11-07 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  11. 2026-11-06 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  12. 2026-11-05 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  13. 2026-11-05 09:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-05 09:46 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-05 09:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  16. 2026-11-04 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  17. 2026-11-03 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  18. 2026-11-01 08:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  19. 2026-11-01 08:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  21. 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  22. 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  23. 2026-10-29 00:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-29 00:09 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
Show 72 more
  1. 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  2. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  3. 2026-10-25 18:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  5. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  6. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  7. 2026-10-22 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  8. 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  9. 2026-10-21 08:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-21 08:49 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  12. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  13. 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  14. 2026-10-18 08:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  16. 2026-10-17 06:55 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-16 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  18. 2026-10-15 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  19. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  20. 2026-10-13 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  21. 2026-10-12 19:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  23. 2026-10-11 23:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  25. 2026-10-10 19:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  26. 2026-10-09 20:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  27. 2026-10-08 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  28. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  29. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  30. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  31. 2026-10-04 23:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  32. 2026-10-03 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  33. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  34. 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  35. 2026-09-30 15:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  37. 2026-09-29 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  38. 2026-09-28 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  39. 2026-09-27 13:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  40. 2026-09-26 15:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  41. 2026-09-26 00:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  42. 2026-09-25 07:05 UTCOSV refresh
  43. 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  44. 2026-09-23 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  45. 2026-09-22 14:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  46. 2026-09-21 20:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  47. 2026-09-19 15:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  48. 2026-09-18 19:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  49. 2026-09-17 19:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  50. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  51. 2026-09-15 03:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  52. 2026-09-12 14:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  53. 2026-09-11 14:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  54. 2026-09-11 09:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  55. 2026-09-08 21:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  56. 2026-09-07 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  57. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  58. 2026-09-05 22:21 UTCOSV refresh
  59. 2026-09-05 15:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  60. 2026-09-04 13:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  61. 2026-09-04 05:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  62. 2026-09-02 14:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  63. 2026-09-01 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  64. 2026-09-01 03:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  65. 2026-08-30 19:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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  67. 2026-08-28 21:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
  68. 2026-08-27 14:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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  72. 2026-08-23 00:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2021-43859?
CVE-2021-43859 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 1, 2022. XStream is an open source java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Versions prior to 1.4.19 may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2021-43859 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2021-43859 was published on February 1, 2022. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 3, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2021-43859 actively exploited?
CVE-2021-43859 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 7.9% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (94th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-43859?
CVE-2021-43859 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2021-43859?
A fix for CVE-2021-43859 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2021-43859 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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