XStream is an open source java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Versions prior to 1.4.19 may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. XStream 1.4.19 monitors and accumulates the time it takes to add elements to collections and throws an exception if a set threshold is exceeded. Users are advised to upgrade as soon as possible. Users unable to upgrade may set the NO_REFERENCE mode to prevent recursion. See GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf for further details on a workaround if an upgrade is not possible.
CVE-2021-43859
“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.
Score 7.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2022-02-01. NVD baseline CVSS 7.5; sources differ by 0.0.
Also known asEUVD-2022-1176 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD
- CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
A fix is available — apply it.
- CVSS v3
- 7.5
- EG Score
- 7.5HIGHmedium confidence
- EG Risk
- 65EG Risk 65/100
EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.
How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)Severity75% × 45%Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.Exploitation40% × 40%EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.Automatability100% × 15%CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high. - EPSS PROB
- 7.9%
- EPSS %ILE
- 94th
- KEV
- Not listed
What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)
The EG score (7.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.
- EG Severity
- 7.5 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
- EG Likelihood
- 7.9% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
- Confirmed exploitation
- None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
- EG Priority
- SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table
BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.
The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it
Published
February 1, 2022
Last Modified
November 3, 2025
Advisory Details (7)
Auto-updated Nov 12, 2026oss-security - Vulnerability in Jenkins
http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2022/02/09/1[SECURITY] Fedora 34 Update: xstream-1.4.19-1.fc34 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/XODFRE2ZL64FICBJDOPWOLPTSSAI4U7X/[SECURITY] Fedora 35 Update: xstream-1.4.19-1.fc35 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists
https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/VACQYG356OHUTD5WQGAQ4L2TTFTAV3SJ/[SECURITY] [DLA 2924-1] libxstream-java security update
https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00018.htmlXStream can cause a Denial of Service by injecting highly recursive collections or maps · Advisory · x-stream/xstream · GitHub
https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjfcommit e8e88621ba1c (x-stream/xstream)
Fix landed in x-stream/xstream commit e8e88621ba1c — awaiting tagged release
https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/commit/e8e88621ba1c85ac3b8620337dd672e0c0c3a846Vendor Advisories for CVE-2021-43859(4)
These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.
- RHSA-2022:5606Red Hat Product SecurityMedium
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Integration Camel Extensions for Quarkus 2.7 security update
- RHSA-2022:5532Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: Red Hat Fuse 7.11.0 release and security update
- RHSA-2022:1420Red Hat Product SecurityHigh
Red Hat Security Advisory: OpenShift Container Platform 3.11.685 security and bug fix update
- GHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjfGitHub Security AdvisoriesHigh
Denial of Service by injecting highly recursive collections or maps in XStream
Patch Availability(3)
| Vendor / Ecosystem | Fix (by version range) / Patch | Released | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| redhat | patch | 2022-07-19 | redhat |
| redhat | xstream | 2022-07-07 | redhat |
| redhat | jenkins-0:2.319.3.1650348949-1.el7 | 2022-04-27 | redhat |
Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.
Weakness Classification(2)
MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.
Data Freshness Timeline
(refreshed 0× in last 7d / 0× in last 30d)
Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.
A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat.
- 2026-11-13 12:26 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-11-12 19:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-11-12 19:23 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-12 19:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-11-12 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-11-11 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-11-10 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-11-09 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-11-05 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-11-05 09:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-11-05 09:46 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-11-05 09:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-11-04 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-11-03 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-11-01 08:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rmr5-cpv2-vgjf · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.5
- 2026-11-01 08:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-29 00:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-10-29 00:09 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-10-25 18:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-10-25 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-21 08:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-10-21 08:49 UTCVendor advisory
- 2026-10-20 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-10-18 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-18 08:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-17 06:55 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-10-16 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-10-12 19:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-10-11 23:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-10-11 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-10-01 19:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
- 2026-09-30 15:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
- 2026-09-30 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-09-25 07:05 UTCOSV refresh
- 2026-09-24 14:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
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- 2026-08-23 00:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 7.9% · 94th percentile
Related CVEs(same product + same vendor + same CWE)
Same product
10 shownDebian:9:libxstream-java
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- CVE-2021-21350EG 9.8EPSS p97CRITICAL
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- CVE-2021-21346EG 9.8EPSS p100CRITICAL
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- CVE-2021-21342EG 9.1EPSS p99CRITICAL
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- CVE-2021-29505NVD 8.8EG 9.0EPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2020-26217NVD 8.8EG 9.0EPSS p100CRITICAL
Same vendor
10 shownredhat:RHSA-2022:5532 · redhat:RHSA-2022:5606 · redhat:RHSA-2022:1420
- CVE-2021-38153EG 5.9EPSS p94MEDIUM
- CVE-2022-22978EG 9.8EPSS p96CRITICAL
- CVE-2022-26520EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2022-23221EG 9.8EPSS p99CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-3520EG 9.8CRITICAL
- CVE-2021-29505NVD 8.8EG 9.0EPSS p100CRITICAL
- CVE-2022-0981EG 8.8HIGH
- CVE-2022-25183EG 8.8HIGH
- CVE-2022-25182EG 8.8HIGH
- CVE-2022-25181EG 8.8HIGH
Same CWE
10 shownCWE-400 · CWE-502
Frequently asked(5)
What is CVE-2021-43859?
When was the CVE record for CVE-2021-43859 published?
Is CVE-2021-43859 actively exploited?
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2021-43859?
How do I remediate CVE-2021-43859?
Dependency Blast Radius
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