CVE-2026-45411

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-05-14. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-30086 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the runtime and passed to the yield* iterator as the next value. This allows attackers to write code which can escape from the VM2 sandbox and execute arbitrary commands on the host system. This vulnerability is fixed in 3.11.3.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
47th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 13, 2026

Last Modified

October 26, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Nov 2, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github, redhat.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Sandbox Breakout Using Async Generator · Advisory · patriksimek/vm2 · GitHub

https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24
Red Hat

2477210 – (CVE-2026-45411) CVE-2026-45411 vm2: vm2: Arbitrary Code Execution due to sandbox escape vulnerability

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2477210
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

CVE-2026-45411 - Red Hat Customer Portal

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or OpenShift Container Platform 4, is affected by this vulnerability and a fix may be released to a

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-45411
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:50850

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-45411(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatansible-automation-platform/automation-portal:17858542262026-08-05redhat
npmvm2 @ 3.11.3 (fixes <= 3.11.2)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vm2—
  • every version up to 3.11.3: fixed in 3.11.3
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 19× in last 7d / 69× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 333 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 233 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  2. 2026-11-13 02:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-13 02:21 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-13 02:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  5. 2026-11-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  6. 2026-11-12 00:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-12 00:08 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-12 00:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  10. 2026-11-10 21:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-10 21:54 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-11-10 21:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-11-10 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  14. 2026-11-09 19:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-09 19:29 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-11-09 19:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  17. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  18. 2026-11-08 17:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-08 17:16 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-11-08 17:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  22. 2026-11-07 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  23. 2026-11-07 15:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-07 15:04 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-11-07 15:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-06 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  2. 2026-11-06 12:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-06 12:52 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-06 12:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  5. 2026-11-06 09:25 UTCOSV refresh
  6. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  7. 2026-11-05 10:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-05 10:40 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-11-05 10:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  10. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  11. 2026-11-04 08:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-04 08:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-11-03 16:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  14. 2026-11-03 06:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-03 06:15 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-11-03 06:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  17. 2026-11-02 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  18. 2026-11-02 04:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-02 04:00 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-11-02 04:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  22. 2026-11-01 07:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-248r-7h7q-cr24 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-11-01 07:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-01 01:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-01 01:48 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  27. 2026-10-30 23:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-30 23:36 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  30. 2026-10-29 21:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-29 21:24 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  33. 2026-10-28 19:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-28 19:12 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  36. 2026-10-27 16:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-27 16:47 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  39. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  40. 2026-10-26 14:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-26 14:29 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  43. 2026-10-25 15:47 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-10-25 14:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  46. 2026-10-24 13:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-24 13:35 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  49. 2026-10-23 11:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-23 11:20 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  52. 2026-10-22 09:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-22 09:07 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  55. 2026-10-21 06:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-21 06:54 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  58. 2026-10-20 04:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-20 04:42 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 59th percentile
  61. 2026-10-19 02:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-19 02:28 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  64. 2026-10-18 03:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-18 00:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-18 00:16 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  68. 2026-10-16 22:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-16 22:02 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  71. 2026-10-15 18:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-10-15 18:32 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  74. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  75. 2026-10-14 12:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-45411?
CVE-2026-45411 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 13, 2026. vm2 is an open source vm/sandbox for Node.js. Prior to 3.11.3, it is possible to catch a host exception using the yield* expression inside an async generator. When the generator is closed using the return function, the value is awaited on and exceptions thrown in the then call will be caught by the…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-45411 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-45411 was published on May 13, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 26, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-45411 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-45411 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (47th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-45411?
CVE-2026-45411 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-45411?
A fix for CVE-2026-45411 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-45411 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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