CVE-2026-100723

CRITICALPre-NVD 7.510.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than the CVSS score beside it.

Score 10.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-10-05. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.5; sources differ by 2.5.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-87856 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr (GitHub Security Advisories) · GHSA-489w-w794-jq94 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 7.5Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

vm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin allowlist (require: { builtin: ['zlib'] }), zlib.deflateSync can return a Buffer backed by Node's shared small-buffer pool whose .buffer is the entire pool. Untrusted guest code can construct a full-width view of that ArrayBuffer (Buffer.from(result.buffer, 0, result.buffer.byteLength)) to read and modify bytes belonging to unrelated host buffers, disclosing and corrupting host-realm memory across the sandbox boundary.

CVSS v3
7.5
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
33rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 27, 2026

Last Modified

October 1, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Sep 27, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
Web page

vm2 before 3.12.2 Memory Disclosure via zlib Buffer Pool | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/vm2-before-3.12.2-memory-disclosure-via-zlib-buffer-pool
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 5214b02ef13b (patriksimek/vm2)

Patch available: patriksimek/vm2 v3.11.7 (contains commit 5214b02ef13b)

https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/5214b02ef13b82497fcb917b45320dfd014ffd09
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 4f2508abeb25 (patriksimek/vm2)

Patch available: patriksimek/vm2 v3.11.7 (contains commit 4f2508abeb25)

https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/commit/4f2508abeb252aa86eb6761c78b3b000248fb089
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

NodeVM zlib Buffers expose pooled host memory across the VM boundary · Advisory · patriksimek/vm2 · GitHub

https://github.com/patriksimek/vm2/security/advisories/GHSA-489w-w794-jq94

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-100723(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
npmvm2 @ 3.12.2 (fixes <= 3.12.1)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
vm2—
  • every version up to 3.12.2: fixed in 3.12.2
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 119 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 19 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 03:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 03:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  3. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 04:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 04:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  6. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 04:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-11 04:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  9. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  10. 2026-11-10 04:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-10 04:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  12. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  13. 2026-11-09 05:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-09 05:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  15. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  16. 2026-11-08 05:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-08 05:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  18. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  19. 2026-11-07 05:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-07 05:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  21. 2026-11-06 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  22. 2026-11-06 06:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-06 06:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  24. 2026-11-05 21:25 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-11-05 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 06:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-05 06:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  3. 2026-11-04 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  4. 2026-11-04 06:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-04 06:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  6. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  7. 2026-11-03 07:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-03 07:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  9. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  10. 2026-11-02 07:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-02 07:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  12. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  13. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-489w-w794-jq94 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  14. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored▲ 2.50
  15. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-27 03:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-25 15:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-24 23:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  26. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  27. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  28. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  29. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  30. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 23rd percentile
  31. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  32. 2026-10-18 05:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-17 20:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  35. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  36. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  37. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  38. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  39. 2026-10-12 16:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  41. 2026-10-11 20:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-11 18:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-11 15:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  45. 2026-10-11 03:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  47. 2026-10-10 04:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  49. 2026-10-09 04:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  51. 2026-10-08 05:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  53. 2026-10-06 16:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  55. 2026-10-06 05:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  57. 2026-10-05 17:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  58. 2026-10-05 05:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-05 05:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  60. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  61. 2026-10-04 17:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  62. 2026-10-04 06:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  63. 2026-10-03 18:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  64. 2026-10-03 18:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  65. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  66. 2026-10-03 06:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  67. 2026-10-02 18:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-02 18:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  69. 2026-10-02 07:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-10-02 07:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  71. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 22nd percentile
  72. 2026-10-01 19:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  73. 2026-10-01 19:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5
  74. 2026-10-01 18:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  75. 2026-10-01 18:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-43rv-jrfh-9mrr · GitHub CVSS 7.5

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-100723?
CVE-2026-100723 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 27, 2026. vm2 before 3.12.2 does not apply its Buffer backing-store ownership invariant (byteOffset === 0 and buffer.byteLength === length) to Buffers returned from host builtin modules. When an application explicitly exposes Node's zlib module through NodeVM's builtin allowlist (require: { builtin: ['zlib']…
When was CVE-2026-100723 made public?
CVE-2026-100723 was made public on September 8, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on September 27, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 1, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-100723 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-100723 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (33rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-100723?
CVE-2026-100723 has a CVSS base score of 7.5 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending). EchelonGraph synthesises a secondary CVSS source + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 10.0 (CRITICAL).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-100723?
A fix for CVE-2026-100723 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-100723 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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