CVE-2026-77337

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.19.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 0.7% (53rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2026-65157 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.7%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

CakePHP Authentication is an authentication plugin for CakePHP that can also be used in PSR-7 based applications. Versions before 2.11.2, from 3.0.0 through 3.3.6, and from 4.0.0 through 4.2.0 allow authentication bypass and potential CPU or memory exhaustion when CookieAuthenticator uses unencrypted, forgeable legacy tokens. This issue is fixed in versions 2.11.2, 3.3.7, and 4.2.1.

CVSS
9.1
EG Score
9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
41
EG Risk 41/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity91% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.7% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.7%
EPSS %ILE
53rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.1 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source
EG Likelihood
0.7% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 24, 2026

Last Modified

October 12, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit, github_pr.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Potential Authentication bypass with CookieAuthenticator · Advisory · cakephp/authentication · GitHub

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/security/advisories/GHSA-h7xh-9h2x-2m37
GitHub pull request Patch Available

2.x - Backport #805

Patch available: cakephp/authentication 2.11.2 (PR #807 merged 2026-07-10)

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/807
GitHub pull request Patch Available

3.x - security: replace unencrypted cookie auth tokens with verified, work-factor-bounded HMAC-SHA256 tokens

Patch available: cakephp/authentication 3.3.7 (PR #806 merged 2026-07-08)

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/pull/806
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit c94d9a5380e7 (cakephp/authentication)

Patch available: cakephp/authentication 4.2.1 (contains commit c94d9a5380e7)

https://github.com/cakephp/authentication/commit/c94d9a5380e7f4fdf38d338a9de2223a5b087159

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
cakephp2.10.11-2.1, 2.10.24-1, 2.10.24-2
  • every version on: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 31× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 160 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 60 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 02:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  3. 2026-11-12 01:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-11 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  5. 2026-11-11 00:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-10 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  7. 2026-11-09 22:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-09 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  9. 2026-11-08 21:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-08 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  11. 2026-11-07 20:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-07 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  13. 2026-11-06 18:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-06 18:25 UTCOSV refresh
  15. 2026-11-06 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  16. 2026-11-05 17:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-05 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  18. 2026-11-04 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  19. 2026-11-04 16:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-03 16:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  21. 2026-11-03 14:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-02 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  23. 2026-11-02 13:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-01 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  25. 2026-11-01 11:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 10:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 09:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-29 07:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-10-28 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-28 06:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-27 05:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-26 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  12. 2026-10-26 00:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-10-25 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-25 14:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-24 22:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  17. 2026-10-23 21:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-22 20:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-22 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-21 18:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-20 17:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-20 06:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-19 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  27. 2026-10-19 05:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-18 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  29. 2026-10-18 03:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-17 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  31. 2026-10-17 02:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-16 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  33. 2026-10-16 01:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  35. 2026-10-14 20:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  37. 2026-10-13 16:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-13 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  39. 2026-10-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  40. 2026-10-12 15:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-11 19:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-11 16:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-11 13:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  45. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  46. 2026-10-10 12:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  48. 2026-10-09 04:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-08 17:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  50. 2026-10-08 03:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  52. 2026-10-06 16:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  54. 2026-10-06 02:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  56. 2026-10-05 01:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  58. 2026-10-03 16:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  60. 2026-10-02 19:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-01 21:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  63. 2026-09-30 20:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  64. 2026-09-30 06:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-09-29 15:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  66. 2026-09-28 21:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  67. 2026-09-28 15:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-09-28 13:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  69. 2026-09-27 15:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  71. 2026-09-26 22:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  73. 2026-09-26 00:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  74. 2026-09-24 15:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  75. 2026-09-24 14:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-77337?
CVE-2026-77337 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 24, 2026. CakePHP Authentication is an authentication plugin for CakePHP that can also be used in PSR-7 based applications. Versions before 2.11.2, from 3.0.0 through 3.3.6, and from 4.0.0 through 4.2.0 allow authentication bypass and potential CPU or memory exhaustion when CookieAuthenticator uses…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-77337 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-77337 was published on August 24, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 12, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-77337 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-77337 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.7% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (53rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-77337?
CVE-2026-77337 has a CVSS base score of 9.1 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-77337?
A fix for CVE-2026-77337 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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