CVE-2026-54478

LOWPre-NVD 3.73.7—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 3.7 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: LOW) published 2026-07-22. a secondary CVSS source baseline 3.7; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, secondary
Trending — 4 sources updated this week
3.7EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 3.7Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.18.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when Unbound listens on a 'proxy-protocol-port' interface with 'answer-cookie: yes', the RFC 9018 server-cookie SipHash is computed over the proxy's wire address instead of the PROXYv2-declared client. One server cookie obtained through a given proxy node therefore validates for every PROXYv2-declared source behind that node. On a UDP+proxy-protocol front, an off-path attacker can harvest one cookie with a single legitimate query, then replay it under any spoofed source and pass DNS Cookie checks that were deployed to defeat this in the first place.

CVSS v3
3.7
EG Score
3.7(medium)
EG Risk
17(Track)
EG Risk 17/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity37% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
8%
KEV
Not listed

Published

July 22, 2026

Last Modified

July 24, 2026

References (1)

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-54478(3)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatunbound-main-1.25.2-0.1.hum12026-07-22redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
unbound—1.25.2-r0—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
unbound1.13.1-1 ... 1.25.2-1 (47 versions)——
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
unbound1.17.1-2 ... 1.26.0-2 (25 versions)——
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
unbound1.22.0-2 ... 1.26.0-2 (15 versions)——
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
unbound1.22.0-2 ... 1.25.1-1 (9 versions)1.25.2-1—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 50× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 113 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-16 12:01 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-09-16 12:01 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-09-16 12:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-15 03:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-13 15:42 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-09-13 15:42 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-09-13 15:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-10 21:38 UTCEG score recompute
  15. 2026-09-10 21:38 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-09-10 21:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-09-07 21:42 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-09-07 21:42 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-09-07 21:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-09-04 17:42 UTCEG score recompute
  25. 2026-09-04 17:42 UTCVendor advisory
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-04 17:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-01 23:41 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-09-01 23:41 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-09-01 23:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-01 04:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-30 00:55 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-08-30 00:55 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-08-30 00:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-25 11:52 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-08-25 11:52 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-08-25 11:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-22 17:52 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-08-22 17:52 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-08-22 17:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-19 23:52 UTCEG score recompute
  27. 2026-08-19 23:52 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-08-19 23:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  32. 2026-08-17 05:51 UTCEG score recompute
  33. 2026-08-17 05:51 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-08-17 05:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  36. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  37. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-08-14 11:50 UTCEG score recompute
  39. 2026-08-14 11:50 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-08-14 11:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-08-12 13:51 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-08-11 17:50 UTCEG score recompute
  44. 2026-08-11 17:50 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-08-11 17:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-08-11 00:00 UTCEPSS rescore
  47. 2026-08-09 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-08-08 23:50 UTCEG score recompute
  49. 2026-08-08 23:50 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-08-08 23:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  51. 2026-08-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  52. 2026-08-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-08-06 05:49 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-06 05:49 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-08-06 05:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-08-05 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-08-04 15:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-08-04 10:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-08-03 11:49 UTCEG score recompute
  60. 2026-08-03 11:49 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-08-03 11:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-08-03 10:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-08-02 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-08-01 04:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-31 16:14 UTCEG score recompute
  66. 2026-07-31 16:14 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-07-31 16:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-07-30 16:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-30 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-28 22:14 UTCEG score recompute
  71. 2026-07-28 22:14 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-07-28 22:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-28 15:37 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-26 03:29 UTCEG score recompute

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-54478?
CVE-2026-54478 is a low vulnerability published on July 22, 2026. In NLnet Labs Unbound 1.18.0 up to and including 1.25.1, when Unbound listens on a 'proxy-protocol-port' interface with 'answer-cookie: yes', the RFC 9018 server-cookie SipHash is computed over the proxy's wire address instead of the PROXYv2-declared client. One server cookie obtained through a…
When was CVE-2026-54478 disclosed?
CVE-2026-54478 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on July 22, 2026, with the most recent update on July 24, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-54478 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-54478 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 92.4% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-54478?
CVE-2026-54478 has a CVSS v3 base score of 3.7 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-54478?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-54478, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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