CVE-2026-44578

HIGHPre-NVD 8.68.6
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 8.6 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-05-11. A secondary CVSS source baseline 8.6; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-30080 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

8.6EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 36%CVSS: 8.6Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 13.4.13 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, self-hosted applications using the built-in Node.js server can be vulnerable to server-side request forgery through crafted WebSocket upgrade requests. An attacker can cause the server to proxy requests to arbitrary internal or external destinations, which may expose internal services or cloud metadata endpoints. Vercel-hosted deployments are not affected. This vulnerability is fixed in 15.5.16 and 16.2.5.

CVSS v3
8.6
EG Score
8.6HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
70
EG Risk 70/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity86% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.6 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
36%
EPSS %ILE
98th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.6): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.6 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.6 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
36% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-07). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 13, 2026

Last Modified

October 26, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated May 13, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Server-side request forgery in applications using WebSocket upgrades · Advisory · vercel/next.js · GitHub

https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r

Patch Availability(5)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatnext2026-08-12redhat
redhatrhtas/rekor-search-ui-rhel9:17839586222026-07-16redhat
redhatrhtas/rekor-search-ui-rhel9:17833271852026-07-09redhat
npmnext @ 15.5.16 (fixes >= 13.4.13, < 15.5.16)—ghsa
npmnext @ 16.2.5 (fixes >= 16.0.0, < 16.2.5)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
next—
  • 13.4.13 up to 15.5.16: fixed in 15.5.16
  • 16.0.0 up to 16.2.5: fixed in 16.2.5
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 37× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 224 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 124 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  2. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  3. 2026-11-10 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  4. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  5. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  6. 2026-11-08 16:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-08 16:26 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-08 16:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  9. 2026-11-07 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  10. 2026-11-06 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  11. 2026-11-05 23:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-05 23:04 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-11-05 23:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  14. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  15. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  16. 2026-11-03 16:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  17. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  18. 2026-11-01 07:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-c4j6-fc7j-m34r · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  19. 2026-11-01 07:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  21. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  22. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  23. 2026-10-29 16:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-29 16:25 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  2. 2026-10-26 14:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-10-26 14:32 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 36% · 98th percentile
  5. 2026-10-25 14:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  7. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  8. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  9. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  10. 2026-10-21 16:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-21 16:25 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  13. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  14. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  15. 2026-10-18 03:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  17. 2026-10-17 13:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-17 13:55 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  20. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  21. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  22. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  23. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  24. 2026-10-12 16:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-11 19:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-11 17:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-11 14:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored▼ 0.10
  28. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  29. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  30. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  31. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  32. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  33. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  34. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  35. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  36. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  37. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  38. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  39. 2026-09-30 04:58 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  41. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 78th percentile
  42. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  43. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  44. 2026-09-17 19:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  45. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  46. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  47. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  48. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  49. 2026-09-11 09:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  50. 2026-09-11 08:23 UTCOSV refresh
  51. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  52. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  53. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  54. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  55. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  56. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  57. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  58. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  59. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  60. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  61. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  62. 2026-08-23 17:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-08-23 17:51 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  65. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  66. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  67. 2026-08-20 19:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-08-20 19:48 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  70. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  71. 2026-08-17 10:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-08-17 10:39 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 39% · 98th percentile
  74. 2026-08-16 04:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  75. 2026-08-16 04:03 UTCVendor advisory

Publicly available exploits

(7 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (6 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoC0xBlackash/CVE-2026-44578
    Published May 16, 2026

    CVE-2026-44578

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoC0xredash/CVE-2026-44578
    Published May 16, 2026

    CVE-2026-44578

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCashrafzaryouh/CVE-2026-44578
    Published May 16, 2026

    CVE-2026-44578

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCdinosn/CVE-2026-44578
    Published May 16, 2026

    CVE-2026-44578: Next.js WebSocket Upgrade SSRF — pre-auth credential theft via localhost:80. Lab + exploit + audit.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoClove07oj/nextjs-cve-2026-44578
    Published May 15, 2026

    Nuclei templates for detecting CVE-2026-44578 (Next.js WebSocket Upgrade SSRF) with multi-cloud metadata validation, Next.js fingerprinting, and real-world scanning workflows. Includes references to the original NextSSRF research and exploit tooling.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCynsmroztas/nextssrf
    Published May 15, 2026

    NextSSRF — CVE-2026-44578 Scanner & Exploit ║ ║ Next.js WebSocket Upgrade Handler SSRF

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleijavascript/cves/2026/CVE-2026-44578.yaml
    Published May 15, 2026

    Next.js WebSocket Upgrade Handler - SSRF

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-44578?
CVE-2026-44578 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 13, 2026. Next.js is a React framework for building full-stack web applications. From 13.4.13 to before 15.5.16 and 16.2.5, self-hosted applications using the built-in Node.js server can be vulnerable to server-side request forgery through crafted WebSocket upgrade requests. An attacker can cause the server…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-44578 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-44578 was published on May 13, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 26, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-44578 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-44578 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 36% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (98th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-44578?
CVE-2026-44578 has a CVSS base score of 8.6 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-44578?
A fix for CVE-2026-44578 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-44578 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-44578

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