CVE-2025-8419

MEDIUMNVD 5.35.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2025-09-17. NVD baseline CVSS 5.3; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-23863 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-m4j5-5x4r-2xp9 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 5.3Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A vulnerability was found in Keycloak-services. Special characters used during e-mail registration may perform SMTP Injection and unexpectedly send short unwanted e-mails. The email is limited to 64 characters (limited local part of the email), so the attack is limited to very shorts emails (subject and little data, the example is 60 chars). This flaw's only direct consequence is an unsolicited email being sent from the Keycloak server. However, this action could be a precursor for more sophisticated attacks.

CVSS v3
5.3
EG Score
5.3MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
39
EG Risk 39/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity53% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.6% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
50th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.3 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 6, 2025

Last Modified

August 31, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Aug 8, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
Red Hat

2385776 – (CVE-2025-8419) CVE-2025-8419 org.keycloak/keycloak-services: Keycloak SMTP Inject Vulnerability

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2385776
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

CVE-2025-8419 - Red Hat Customer Portal

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or OpenShift Container Platform 4, is affected by this vulnerability and a fix may be released to a

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-8419
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15339
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15338
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15337
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2025:15336

Patch Availability(5)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatkeycloak-services2025-09-04redhat
redhatrhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator:26.0-192025-09-04redhat
redhatrhbk/keycloak-rhel9-operator:26.2-82025-09-04redhat
mavenorg.keycloak:keycloak-services @ 26.2.8 (fixes < 26.2.8)—ghsa
mavenorg.keycloak:keycloak-services @ 26.3.3 (fixes >= 26.3.0, < 26.3.3)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.keycloak:keycloak-services26.3.0, 26.3.1, 26.3.2
  • every version up to 26.2.8: fixed in 26.2.8
  • 26.3.0 up to 26.3.3: fixed in 26.3.3
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 210 rows on record for this CVE, as 99 entries (1 repeat merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 110 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 50th percentile
  2. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 49th percentile
  3. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 49th percentile
  4. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 49th percentile
  5. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 49th percentile
  6. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 49th percentile
  7. 2026-11-06 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  8. 2026-11-05 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  9. 2026-11-04 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  10. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  11. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  12. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  13. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m4j5-5x4r-2xp9 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.3
  14. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  16. 2026-10-31 14:25 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  18. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  19. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  20. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  21. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  23. 2026-10-25 16:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  25. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-10-23 11:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-10-23 11:13 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  4. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  5. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  6. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  7. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  8. 2026-10-18 05:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  10. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  11. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  12. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  13. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  14. 2026-10-12 16:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  16. 2026-10-11 20:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-11 18:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-11 15:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  20. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  21. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  22. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  23. 2026-10-08 16:24 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  25. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  26. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  27. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  28. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  29. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  30. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  31. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  32. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  33. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  34. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  35. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  36. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  37. 2026-09-18 22:12 UTCOSV refresh
  38. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  39. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  40. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  41. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  42. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  43. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  44. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  45. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  46. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  47. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  48. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  49. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  50. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  51. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  52. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  53. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  54. 2026-08-31 01:37 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-08-31 01:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-08-31 01:06 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  58. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  59. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  60. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  61. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  62. 2026-08-25 01:26 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  64. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  65. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  66. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  67. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  68. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  69. 2026-08-17 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  70. 2026-08-16 14:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  71. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  72. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  73. 2026-08-13 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  74. 2026-08-12 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-8419?
CVE-2025-8419 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 6, 2025. A vulnerability was found in Keycloak-services. Special characters used during e-mail registration may perform SMTP Injection and unexpectedly send short unwanted e-mails. The email is limited to 64 characters (limited local part of the email), so the attack is limited to very shorts emails…
When was CVE-2025-8419 made public?
CVE-2025-8419 was made public on August 6, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Red Hat, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on August 6, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of August 31, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-8419 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-8419 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (50th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-8419?
CVE-2025-8419 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-8419?
A fix for CVE-2025-8419 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-8419 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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