CVE-2025-7783

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.49.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.4 under a secondary CVSS source (NVD's own analysis pending). EPSS exploit probability: 1.8% (78th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from a secondary CVSS source
Sources: EPSS, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-21906 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.8%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Use of Insufficiently Random Values vulnerability in form-data allows HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP). This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/form_data.Js.

This issue affects form-data: < 2.5.4, 3.0.0 - 3.0.3, 4.0.0 - 4.0.3.

CVSS
9.4
EG Score
9.4CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
58
EG Risk 58/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity94% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.8%
EPSS %ILE
78th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.4 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.a secondary CVSS source
EG Likelihood
1.8% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 18, 2025

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Usage of unsafe random function in form-data for choosing boundary · Advisory · form-data/form-data · GitHub

https://github.com/form-data/form-data/security/advisories/GHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 4261-1] node-form-data security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/07/msg00023.html
GitHub commit

commit 3d1723080e65 (form-data/form-data)

Fix landed in form-data/form-data commit 3d1723080e65 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/form-data/form-data/commit/3d1723080e6577a66f17f163ecd345a21d8d0fd0

Patch Availability(26)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntunode-form-data (4.0.0-1ubuntu0.1) @ noble2026-11-10ubuntu
redhatrhceph/grafana-rhel9:17914507152026-10-15redhat
redhatrhtas/rekor-search-ui-rhel9:17873055492026-08-25redhat
redhatrhmtc/openshift-migration-ui-rhel8:17836905322026-07-20redhat
redhatrhceph/grafana-rhel10:17713993312026-02-26redhat
redhatrhceph/grafana-rhel9:17707088052026-02-17redhat
redhatrhceph/grafana-rhel9:17706306072026-02-16redhat
redhatrhacm2/console-rhel9:v2.112025-12-17redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine/console-mce-rhel9:v2.62025-12-17redhat
redhatodf4/rook-ceph-rhel9-operator:v4.20-17618494442025-11-18redhat
redhatcluster-observability-operator/korrel8r-rhel9:1.3.0-17628082642025-11-12redhat
redhatrhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:1.8.0-17624556882025-11-10redhat
redhatrhacm2/console-rhel9:v2.142025-10-30redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine/console-mce-rhel9:v2.92025-10-30redhat
redhatthanos-receive-controller-container-v2.12.5-32025-10-21redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine-work-container-v2.7.6-32025-10-21redhat
redhatrhoai/odh-dashboard-rhel9:v2.24.0-17592493012025-10-07redhat
redhatadvanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8:4.72025-09-29redhat
redhatthanos-receive-controller-container-v2.13.4-112025-09-17redhat
redhatmulticluster-engine-work-container-v2.8.3-142025-09-17redhat
redhatadvanced-cluster-security/rhacs-main-rhel8:4.82025-09-15redhat
redhatcryostat/jfr-datasource-rhel9:4.0.2-32025-09-03redhat
redhatopenshift-service-mesh/kiali-rhel9:2.4.8-17561317702025-08-28redhat
npmform-data @ 4.0.4 (fixes >= 4.0.0, < 4.0.4)—ghsa
npmform-data @ 2.5.4 (fixes < 2.5.4)—ghsa
npmform-data @ 3.0.4 (fixes >= 3.0.0, < 3.0.4)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 5 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-form-data3.0.0-2
  • every version up to 3.0.0-2+deb11u1: fixed in 3.0.0-2+deb11u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-form-data4.0.0-1
  • every version up to 4.0.0-1+deb12u1: fixed in 4.0.0-1+deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-form-data—
  • every version up to 4.0.1-2: fixed in 4.0.1-2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-form-data—
  • every version up to 4.0.1-2: fixed in 4.0.1-2
—
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
form-data—
  • every version up to 2.5.4: fixed in 2.5.4
  • 3.0.0 up to 3.0.4: fixed in 3.0.4
  • 4.0.0 up to 4.0.4: fixed in 4.0.4
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(5)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 77× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 306 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 206 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 19:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-12 19:27 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-12 19:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  4. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  5. 2026-11-11 21:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-11 21:36 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-11 21:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  8. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  9. 2026-11-10 23:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-10 23:39 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-10 23:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  12. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  13. 2026-11-10 01:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-10 01:48 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-10 01:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  16. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  17. 2026-11-09 03:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-09 03:57 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-09 03:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  20. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  21. 2026-11-08 06:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-08 06:06 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-08 06:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  24. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  25. 2026-11-07 08:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-07 08:14 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-07 08:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  3. 2026-11-06 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  4. 2026-11-06 10:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-06 10:23 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-06 10:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  7. 2026-11-05 19:55 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-11-05 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  9. 2026-11-05 12:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-05 12:32 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-05 12:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  12. 2026-11-04 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  13. 2026-11-04 14:41 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-04 14:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  15. 2026-11-03 16:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-03 16:50 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-11-03 16:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  18. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  19. 2026-11-02 18:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-02 18:51 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-11-02 18:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  22. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  23. 2026-11-01 20:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-01 20:59 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-11-01 20:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  26. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  27. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-fjxv-7rqg-78g4 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  28. 2026-10-31 23:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-31 23:08 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  31. 2026-10-31 01:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-31 01:17 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  34. 2026-10-30 03:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-30 03:26 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  37. 2026-10-29 05:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-29 05:35 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  40. 2026-10-28 07:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-28 07:45 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  43. 2026-10-27 09:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-27 09:54 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  46. 2026-10-26 12:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-26 12:04 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  49. 2026-10-25 14:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-25 14:11 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  52. 2026-10-24 16:19 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-10-23 18:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-23 18:21 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  56. 2026-10-22 20:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-22 20:28 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  59. 2026-10-21 22:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  60. 2026-10-21 22:38 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  62. 2026-10-21 00:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-10-21 00:46 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  65. 2026-10-20 02:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-20 02:55 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.8% · 78th percentile
  68. 2026-10-19 03:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-19 03:02 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  71. 2026-10-18 05:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-10-18 05:09 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.9% · 79th percentile
  74. 2026-10-17 06:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  75. 2026-10-17 06:49 UTCVendor advisory

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCbenweissmann/CVE-2025-7783-poc
    Published Jul 18, 2025

    POC of CVE-2025-7783

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-7783?
CVE-2025-7783 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 18, 2025. Use of Insufficiently Random Values vulnerability in form-data allows HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP). This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/form_data.Js. This issue affects form-data: < 2.5.4, 3.0.0 - 3.0.3, 4.0.0 - 4.0.3.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-7783 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-7783 was published on July 18, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-7783 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-7783 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.8% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (78th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-7783?
CVE-2025-7783 has a CVSS base score of 9.4 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-7783?
A fix for CVE-2025-7783 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-7783 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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