CVE-2025-66455

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-09-18. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2025-210969 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 (GitHub Security Advisories) · PYSEC-2026-4077 (OSV.dev)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.3%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

LMDeploy is a toolkit for compressing, deploying, and serving large language models. Starting in version 0.9.2 and prior to version 0.16.0, LMDeploy's PyTorch DistServe/PD-disaggregation control plane used recv_pyobj() to deserialize messages received through a ZeroMQ PULL socket. PyZMQ implements recv_pyobj() using Python pickle deserialization, which can execute arbitrary code while reconstructing an object. The peer address used by the receiver was supplied through the POST /distserve/p2p_connect HTTP endpoint. An attacker who could reach an affected DistServe API server could cause the server to connect to an attacker-controlled ZeroMQ endpoint and deserialize a crafted pickle payload. API-key authentication is not enabled unless the operator explicitly configures it. As a result, affected DistServe deployments without API keys allowed unauthenticated remote code execution with the privileges of the LMDeploy serving process. This issue affects the PyTorch backend when PD-disaggregation/DistServe is enabled. Ordinary deployments that do not use the affected disaggregated-serving path do not expose this data flow. The fix was released in LMDeploy 0.16.0. Users who cannot upgrade immediately should prevent untrusted clients from reaching /distserve/* endpoints, restrict the DistServe HTTP and ZeroMQ control planes to trusted cluster networks, configure API-key authentication, and block arbitrary outbound ZeroMQ connections from serving nodes. These measures reduce exposure but do not make pickle deserialization safe.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
60
EG Risk 60/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.3% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.3%
EPSS %ILE
70th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
1.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 18, 2026

Last Modified

October 14, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Nov 8, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit, github_release.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Unauthenticated remote code execution via pickle deserialization in DistServe P2P connection · Advisory · InternLM/lmdeploy · GitHub

https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/security/advisories/GHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2
GitHub release Patch Available

v0.16.0

Patch available: InternLM/lmdeploy v0.16.0

https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/releases/tag/v0.16.0
GitHub commit

commit f05b4ad8bf2e (InternLM/lmdeploy)

Fix landed in InternLM/lmdeploy commit f05b4ad8bf2e — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/InternLM/lmdeploy/commit/f05b4ad8bf2e2d84101a1d63b3c44fadd99223b2

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-66455(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
piplmdeploy @ 0.16.0 (fixes >= 0.9.2, < 0.16.0)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
lmdeploy0.10.0 ... 0.9.2.post1 (14 versions)
  • 0.9.2 up to 0.16.0: fixed in 0.16.0
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 132 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 32 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  2. 2026-11-13 03:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-13 03:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 04:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 04:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 70th percentile
  8. 2026-11-11 04:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-11 04:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  10. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  11. 2026-11-10 05:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-10 05:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  14. 2026-11-09 06:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-09 06:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  17. 2026-11-08 07:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-08 07:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  20. 2026-11-07 08:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-07 08:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-11-06 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  23. 2026-11-06 09:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-06 09:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-11-05 18:25 UTCOSV refresh
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 09:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-05 09:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-04 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  5. 2026-11-04 10:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-04 10:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  8. 2026-11-03 11:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-03 11:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  10. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  11. 2026-11-02 12:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-02 12:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  14. 2026-11-01 13:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2vh9-42vm-xmv2 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-01 08:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  18. 2026-10-31 13:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  20. 2026-10-30 14:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  22. 2026-10-29 15:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  24. 2026-10-27 16:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  26. 2026-10-26 17:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  28. 2026-10-25 18:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.3% · 69th percentile
  30. 2026-10-25 16:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-24 18:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  33. 2026-10-23 19:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  35. 2026-10-22 19:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  37. 2026-10-21 20:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  39. 2026-10-20 21:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  41. 2026-10-19 22:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  43. 2026-10-18 21:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-18 05:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-17 22:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  47. 2026-10-16 22:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  49. 2026-10-15 19:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  51. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  52. 2026-10-14 03:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  54. 2026-10-12 16:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  56. 2026-10-11 20:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-11 18:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-11 15:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  60. 2026-10-11 12:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-10 23:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  63. 2026-10-09 22:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  64. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  65. 2026-10-08 17:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-08 17:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  67. 2026-10-08 02:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  69. 2026-10-06 16:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  71. 2026-10-05 20:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  73. 2026-10-04 23:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  75. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-66455?
CVE-2025-66455 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 18, 2026. LMDeploy is a toolkit for compressing, deploying, and serving large language models. Starting in version 0.9.2 and prior to version 0.16.0, LMDeploy's PyTorch DistServe/PD-disaggregation control plane used recv_pyobj() to deserialize messages received through a ZeroMQ PULL socket. PyZMQ implements…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-66455 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-66455 was published on September 18, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 14, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-66455 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-66455 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (70th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-66455?
CVE-2025-66455 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-66455?
A fix for CVE-2025-66455 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-66455 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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