CVE-2025-5278

MEDIUMPre-NVD 4.44.4—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 4.4 from GitHub Security Advisory published 2025-05-27. a secondary CVSS source baseline 4.4; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: epss, ghsa, secondary
Trending — Patch released this week
4.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorLow exploitation likelihood right now — keep watching.
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 4.4Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in GNU Coreutils. The sort utility's begfield() function is vulnerable to a heap buffer under-read. The program may access memory outside the allocated buffer if a user runs a crafted command using the traditional key format. A malicious input could lead to a crash or leak sensitive data.

CVSS v3
4.4
EG Score
4.4(medium)
EG Risk
20(Track)
EG Risk 20/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity44% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
14%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 27, 2025

Last Modified

July 27, 2026

Advisory Details (9)

Auto-updated Jun 27, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: redhat.
generic

NEWS - coreutils.git - GNU coreutils

https://cgit.git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/tree/NEWS?id=8c9602e3a145e9596dc1a63c6ed67865814b6633#n14
generic

coreutils.git - GNU coreutils

https://cgit.git.savannah.gnu.org/cgit/coreutils.git/commit/?id=8c9602e3a145e9596dc1a63c6ed67865814b6633
generic

oss-security - Re: CVE-2025-5278: Heap Buffer Overflow in GNU Coreutils sort

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/29/2
generic

oss-security - Re: CVE-2025-5278: Heap Buffer Overflow in GNU Coreutils sort

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/29/1
generic

oss-security - CVE-2025-5278: Heap Buffer Overflow in GNU Coreutils sort

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/05/27/2
generic🟡 PoC Available

#78507 - [Security] Heap Buffer Overflow in GNU Coreutils sort (CWE-122) - GNU bug report logs

https://debbugs.gnu.org/cgi/bugreport.cgi?bug=78507
redhat Patch Available

2368764 – (CVE-2025-5278) CVE-2025-5278 coreutils: Heap Buffer Under-Read in GNU Coreutils sort via Key Specification

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2368764
redhat Patch Available

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2025-5278
redhat Patch Available

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:28911

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-5278(8)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(7)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatrhui5/rhua-rhel9:17847950762026-07-23redhat
redhatcostmanagement/costmanagement-metrics-rhel9-operator:17835391562026-07-15redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:17828905032026-07-01redhat
redhatrhosdt/tempo-rhel9-operator:17825011952026-06-30redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:17827565412026-06-29redhat
redhatcoreutils-0:9.5-8.el10_22026-06-29redhat
redhatcoreutils-0:8.32-41.el9_82026-06-24redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 32× in last 7d / 68× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 149 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-27 18:24 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-07-27 18:24 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-07-27 18:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-27 17:36 UTCEG score recompute
  5. 2026-07-27 17:36 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-07-27 17:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
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  9. 2026-07-27 03:24 UTCVendor advisory
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  20. 2026-07-26 12:45 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-07-26 12:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
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  23. 2026-07-26 09:40 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-07-26 09:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-5278?
CVE-2025-5278 is a medium vulnerability published on May 27, 2025. A flaw was found in GNU Coreutils. The sort utility's begfield() function is vulnerable to a heap buffer under-read. The program may access memory outside the allocated buffer if a user runs a crafted command using the traditional key format. A malicious input could lead to a crash or leak…
When was CVE-2025-5278 disclosed?
CVE-2025-5278 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 27, 2025, with the most recent update on July 27, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-5278 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-5278 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 85.7% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-5278?
CVE-2025-5278 has a CVSS v3 base score of 4.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-5278?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-5278, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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