CVE-2025-48865

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.5%, top 60% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekElevated
9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: Elevated riskExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. Prior to version 1.6.6, Fabio allows clients to remove X-Forwarded headers (except X-Forwarded-For) due to a vulnerability in how it processes hop-by-hop headers. Fabio adds HTTP headers like X-Forwarded-Host and X-Forwarded-Port when routing requests to backend applications. Since the receiving application should trust these headers, allowing HTTP clients to remove or modify them creates potential security vulnerabilities. Some of these custom headers can be removed and, in certain cases, manipulated. The attack relies on the behavior that headers can be defined as hop-by-hop via the HTTP Connection header. This issue has been patched in version 1.6.6.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1(medium)
EG Risk
72(Attend)
EG Risk 72/100SSVC: Attend

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity91% × 45%
Exploitation40% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Remediate soon — notable exploitation risk.
EPSS PROB
1%
EPSS %ILE
41%
KEV
Not listed

Published

May 30, 2025

Last Modified

June 4, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 20, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release, github.
github Patch Available🟡 PoC Available

HTTP clients can manipulate custom headers added by Fabio · Advisory · fabiolb/fabio · GitHub

https://github.com/fabiolb/fabio/security/advisories/GHSA-q7p4-7xjv-j3wf
github_release Patch Available

v1.6.6

Patch available: fabiolb/fabio v1.6.6

https://github.com/fabiolb/fabio/releases/tag/v1.6.6
github_commit

commit fdaf1e966162 (fabiolb/fabio)

Fix landed in fabiolb/fabio commit fdaf1e966162 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/fabiolb/fabio/commit/fdaf1e966162e9dd3b347ffdd0647b39dc71a1a3

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
github.com/fabiolb/fabio—1.6.6—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 49× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 101 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-26 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
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  5. 2026-07-24 04:41 UTCOSV refresh
  6. 2026-07-23 14:18 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-07-23 02:57 UTCEG score recompute
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  1. 2026-07-12 05:46 UTCEPSS rescore
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  8. 2026-07-07 00:21 UTCOSV refresh
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  42. 2026-06-18 11:13 UTCOSV refresh
  43. 2026-06-17 17:52 UTCEPSS rescore
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  73. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-05-31 00:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-05-30 04:31 UTCEG score recompute

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-48865?
CVE-2025-48865 is a critical vulnerability published on May 30, 2025. Fabio is an HTTP(S) and TCP router for deploying applications managed by consul. Prior to version 1.6.6, Fabio allows clients to remove X-Forwarded headers (except X-Forwarded-For) due to a vulnerability in how it processes hop-by-hop headers. Fabio adds HTTP headers like X-Forwarded-Host and…
When was CVE-2025-48865 disclosed?
CVE-2025-48865 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on May 30, 2025, with the most recent update on June 4, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-48865 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-48865 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 59.4% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-48865?
CVE-2025-48865 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-48865?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-48865, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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