CVE-2025-36852

CRITICALNVD 9.49.4
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.4 under NVD CVSS. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3% (17th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS

Also known asEUVD-2025-17809 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.4EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo fix is confirmed yet: check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.3%CVSS: 9.4Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

A critical security vulnerability exists in remote cache extensions for common build systems utilizing bucket-based remote cache (such as those using Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or similar object storage) that allows any contributor with pull request privileges to inject compromised artifacts from an untrusted environment into trusted production environments without detection. 

The vulnerability exploits a fundamental design flaw in the "first-to-cache wins" principle, where artifacts built in untrusted environments (feature branches, pull requests) can poison the cache used by trusted environments (protected branches, production deployments). 

This attack bypasses all traditional security measures including encryption, access controls, and checksum validation because the poisoning occurs during the artifact construction phase, before any security measures are applied.

CVSS
9.4
EG Score
9.4CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
42
EG Risk 42/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity94% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.4 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.3% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule.
EPSS PROB
0.3%
EPSS %ILE
17th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.4): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.4 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.4 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 10, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
No fix on record yet.
Web page

Build Cache Poisoning via Untrusted Pull Requests

https://nx.app/files/cve-2025-06

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-36852(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
npm@nx/azure-cache—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
@nx/azure-cache—
  • every version through 4.0.0: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 61× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 291 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 191 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 05:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 05:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  3. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 07:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 07:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  6. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 09:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-11 09:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  9. 2026-11-10 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  10. 2026-11-10 11:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-10 11:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  12. 2026-11-09 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  13. 2026-11-09 13:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-09 13:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  15. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  16. 2026-11-08 15:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  17. 2026-11-07 17:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-07 17:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  19. 2026-11-07 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  20. 2026-11-06 19:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-06 19:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  22. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 17th percentile
  23. 2026-11-05 21:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-05 21:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  25. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 12:25 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-11-04 23:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-04 23:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  4. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  5. 2026-11-04 01:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-04 01:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  7. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  8. 2026-11-03 03:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-03 03:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  10. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  11. 2026-11-02 05:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-02 05:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  13. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  14. 2026-11-01 07:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-01 07:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  16. 2026-10-31 09:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-31 09:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  18. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  19. 2026-10-30 11:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-30 11:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  21. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  22. 2026-10-29 13:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-29 13:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  24. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  25. 2026-10-28 15:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  26. 2026-10-27 17:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-27 17:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  28. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  29. 2026-10-26 19:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-26 19:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  31. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  32. 2026-10-25 19:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  33. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 16th percentile
  35. 2026-10-24 21:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-24 21:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  37. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  38. 2026-10-23 23:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-23 23:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  40. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  41. 2026-10-23 01:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-23 01:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  43. 2026-10-22 02:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-22 02:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  45. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  46. 2026-10-21 04:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-21 04:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  48. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  49. 2026-10-20 06:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-20 06:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  51. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  52. 2026-10-19 08:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-19 08:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  54. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  55. 2026-10-18 11:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  56. 2026-10-18 05:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  58. 2026-10-17 13:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-17 13:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  60. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  61. 2026-10-16 15:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  62. 2026-10-15 16:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-10-15 16:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  64. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  65. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 15th percentile
  66. 2026-10-14 10:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  67. 2026-10-14 10:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  68. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  69. 2026-10-13 09:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  70. 2026-10-12 17:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  71. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 14th percentile
  72. 2026-10-12 11:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-rrr2-jcr8-7q3x · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  73. 2026-10-11 20:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-11 18:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  75. 2026-10-11 15:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-36852?
CVE-2025-36852 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 10, 2025. A critical security vulnerability exists in remote cache extensions for common build systems utilizing bucket-based remote cache (such as those using Amazon S3, Google Cloud Storage, or similar object storage) that allows any contributor with pull request privileges to inject compromised artifacts…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-36852 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-36852 was published on June 10, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-36852 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-36852 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (17th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-36852?
CVE-2025-36852 has a CVSS base score of 9.4 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-36852?
No fix for CVE-2025-36852 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-36852 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-36852

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