CVE-2023-54035

HIGHPre-NVD 7.87.8—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-12-24. the CNA's CVSS baseline 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: cna:linux, epss, ghsa
7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter

Set element addition error path decrements reference counter on chains twice: once on element release and again via nft_data_release().

Then, d6b478666ffa ("netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in object reference counter") incorrectly fixed this by removing the stateful object reference count decrement.

Restore the stateful object decrement as in b91d90368837 ("netfilter: nf_tables: fix leaking object reference count") and let nft_data_release() decrement the chain reference counter, so this is done only once.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8(medium)
EG Risk
40(Track)
EG Risk 40/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity78% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability30% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
4%
KEV
Not listed

Published

December 24, 2025

Last Modified

August 5, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Aug 4, 2026
No patch confirmed yet.
generic

netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b389139f12f287b8ed2e2628b72df89a081f0b59
generic

netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b068314fd8ce751a7f906e55bb90f3551815f1a0
generic

netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/9c959671abc7d4ffdf34eed10c64492d43cb6a3c

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-54035(3)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-70.101.1.el9_02024-05-28redhat
redhatkernel-0:5.14.0-427.13.1.el9_42024-04-30redhat
linuxKernel @ 6.4.4—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 7.2~rc5-1~exp1 (498 versions)——
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
linux6.1.27-1 ... 6.1.38-4~bpo11+1 (8 versions)6.1.52-1—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
linux—6.4.4-1—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
linux—6.4.4-1—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 6× in last 7d / 28× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 193 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-16 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-16 05:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-15 03:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-14 05:50 UTCOSV refresh
  6. 2026-09-13 16:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-07 15:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-09-04 13:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-09-04 05:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-09-02 14:10 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-01 13:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-09-01 04:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-30 01:20 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-26 14:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-26 07:13 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-08-25 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescore
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-08-23 00:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-08-21 23:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-08-20 22:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-08-19 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-08-18 13:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-08-16 02:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-08-15 01:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-08-12 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-08-11 13:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-08-10 23:58 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-08-09 22:54 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-08-09 22:54 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-08-09 22:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-08-09 13:44 UTCEPSS rescore
  17. 2026-08-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-08 05:29 UTCEG score recompute
  19. 2026-08-08 05:29 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-08-08 05:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-08-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-06 07:18 UTCEG score recompute
  23. 2026-08-06 07:18 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-08-06 07:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  26. 2026-08-05 19:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  27. 2026-08-05 10:15 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-08-05 10:15 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-08-05 10:15 UTCGHSA enrichment
  30. 2026-08-04 10:51 UTCEG score recompute
  31. 2026-08-04 10:51 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-08-04 10:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-08-04 10:36 UTCEPSS rescore
  34. 2026-08-04 09:26 UTCEG score recompute▲ 7.80
  35. 2026-08-04 09:26 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-08-04 09:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-08-04 09:20 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 7.8 · severity → HIGH
  38. 2026-08-03 10:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  40. 2026-08-02 02:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  41. 2026-08-01 04:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-07-30 16:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  43. 2026-07-30 01:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  44. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  46. 2026-07-27 04:09 UTCOSV refresh
  47. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  48. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-07-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  50. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  51. 2026-07-23 02:30 UTCEG score recompute
  52. 2026-07-22 23:16 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  54. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  55. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-07-19 14:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  58. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-19 02:27 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  62. 2026-07-18 10:03 UTCEPSS rescore
  63. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  64. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  66. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-13 22:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-13 06:11 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  71. 2026-07-12 05:45 UTCEPSS rescore
  72. 2026-07-11 08:26 UTCEPSS rescore
  73. 2026-07-09 22:45 UTCOSV refresh
  74. 2026-07-09 19:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  75. 2026-07-08 15:13 UTCEPSS rescore

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-54035?
CVE-2023-54035 is a high vulnerability published on December 24, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: fix underflow in chain reference counter Set element addition error path decrements reference counter on chains twice: once on element release and again via nftdatarelease(). Then, d6b478666ffa ("netfilter:…
When was CVE-2023-54035 disclosed?
CVE-2023-54035 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on December 24, 2025, with the most recent update on August 5, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-54035 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-54035 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 96.4% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-54035?
CVE-2023-54035 has a CVSS v4.0 base score of 7.8 (CNA self-assessment; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-54035?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-54035, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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