CVE-2019-0230

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2021-12-02. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Weaponized

Also known asEUVD-2021-2606 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 97%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 97%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Metasploit · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 forced double OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
83
EG Risk 83/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation97% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
97%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
97% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

September 14, 2020

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2019-0230(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
mavenorg.apache.struts:struts2-core @ 2.5.22 (fixes >= 2.0.0, < 2.5.22)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.apache.struts:struts2-core2.0.11 ... 2.5.8 (73 versions)
  • 2.0.0 up to 2.5.22: fixed in 2.5.22
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 9× in last 7d / 20× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 106 rows on record for this CVE, as 91 entries (9 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 9 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 6 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 17:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-12 17:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-11 19:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-11 19:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  5. 2026-11-11 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-11-10 21:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-10 21:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-11-09 23:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-09 23:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  10. 2026-11-09 02:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-09 02:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-08 04:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-08 04:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  14. 2026-11-07 06:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-07 06:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-06 08:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-06 08:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-11-05 11:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-05 11:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-04 13:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-04 13:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-11-03 15:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-11-03 00:55 UTCOSV refresh
  24. 2026-11-02 17:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-02 17:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
Show 66 more
  1. 2026-11-01 20:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-01 20:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-01 08:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wp4h-pvgw-5727 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-01 08:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-10-31 22:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-10-31 00:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-10-30 03:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-10-29 05:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-10-28 07:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-27 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-10-27 09:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-10-26 12:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-10-25 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  14. 2026-10-25 14:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-24 16:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-23 18:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-23 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-10-22 20:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-21 23:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-21 01:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-20 03:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-19 04:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-18 16:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-10-18 06:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-17 08:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-16 10:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-15 10:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-14 06:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-12 20:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-12 00:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-09 19:25 UTCOSV refresh
  32. 2026-10-07 23:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  33. 2026-09-30 14:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-09-30 10:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-09-24 13:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-09-20 02:21 UTCOSV refresh
  37. 2026-09-19 15:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-09-06 13:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-09-02 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  40. 2026-09-01 06:23 UTCOSV refresh
  41. 2026-09-01 03:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  42. 2026-08-30 19:13 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-08-28 21:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-08-24 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  45. 2026-08-20 22:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-08-16 02:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-08-15 05:37 UTCOSV refresh
  48. 2026-08-07 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-07-30 17:51 UTCOSV refresh
  50. 2026-07-30 01:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  51. 2026-07-25 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  52. 2026-07-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  53. 2026-07-23 01:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-07-22 22:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-07-22 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  56. 2026-07-20 17:04 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  57. 2026-07-16 16:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  58. 2026-07-13 03:07 UTCOSV refresh
  59. 2026-06-28 04:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  60. 2026-06-24 12:48 UTCOSV refresh
  61. 2026-06-23 21:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  62. 2026-06-15 17:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 97% · 99th percentile
  63. 2026-06-14 23:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
  64. 2026-06-07 17:16 UTCOSV refresh
  65. 2026-06-04 13:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile
  66. 2026-05-31 00:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 94% · 99th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(6 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 1 Exploit-DB entry, 3 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Metasploitexploit/multi/http/struts2_multi_eval_ognl✓ verified
    Published Dec 23, 2020

    Apache Struts 2 Forced Multi OGNL Evaluation

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2019/CVE-2019-0230.yaml
    Published Mar 19, 2021

    Apache Struts <=2.5.20 - Remote Code Execution

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCAl1ex/CVE-2019-0230
    Published Dec 11, 2020

    S2-059(CVE-2019-0230)

    Open source ↗
  • Exploit-DBEDB-49068
    Published Nov 17, 2020

    Apache Struts 2.5.20 - Double OGNL evaluation

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCramoncjs3/CVE-2019-0230
    Published Aug 20, 2020

    CVE-2019-0230 & s2-059 poc.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCPrinceFPF/CVE-2019-0230
    Published Aug 13, 2020

    CVE-2019-0230 Exploit POC

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2019-0230?
CVE-2019-0230 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on September 14, 2020. Apache Struts 2.0.0 to 2.5.20 forced double OGNL evaluation, when evaluated on raw user input in tag attributes, may lead to remote code execution.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2019-0230 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2019-0230 was published on September 14, 2020. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2019-0230 actively exploited?
CVE-2019-0230 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 97% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2019-0230?
CVE-2019-0230 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2019-0230?
A fix for CVE-2019-0230 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2019-0230 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2019-0230

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Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2019-0230?

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