CVE-2026-99156

HIGHPre-NVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-10-28. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Trending — Patch released this week

Also known asEUVD-2026-111908 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-3wp3-5585-mc8q (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open()

st_remove() drops the probe reference on the scsi_tape with kref_put() and only afterwards removes its index from st_index_idr. If that was the last reference, scsi_tape_release() frees the structure while it is still published in the idr.

scsi_tape_get(), called from st_open(), looks up the tape in st_index_idr and takes a reference under st_ref_mutex and st_index_lock. remove_cdevs() does not wait for opens that are already past chrdev_open(), so an open that is blocked on st_ref_mutex while st_remove() holds it can take the mutex as soon as st_remove() drops it, find the freed tpnt in the idr and call kref_get() on it:

BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in st_open Write of size 4 ... st_open (drivers/scsi/st.c:254 drivers/scsi/st.c:1291) chrdev_open ... Freed by task ...: kfree st_remove (drivers/scsi/st.c:4512)

Remove the index from the idr before dropping the reference, all under st_ref_mutex. A concurrent scsi_tape_get() now either runs first and holds a valid reference that keeps the tape alive, or runs afterwards and finds nothing, so st_open() fails with -ENXIO.

This restores the ordering st_remove() had before the conversion to st_index_idr, where the tape was unpublished from scsi_tapes[] before the final kref_put().

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHhigh confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
2nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-13). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

October 28, 2026

Last Modified

October 31, 2026

Advisory Details (8)

Auto-updated Oct 31, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/71caf7f84bd62a4bf91cc95abd2de690afb8d15f
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/18a0e3733ce38718688e813e5e2d1106bd4830e5
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a1647b653549ff29f0422a63eabf329b842f3822
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5ef230f734e0d23db007c8405f38b7e226740084
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/00ff1128123d4bdfacd28d68fb4b6e6f657a3648
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e7a5da4a4820210aa7d7cd8e6eb25aabe9e5b5a7
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d9517fc39ec3ee13eadefdc17f45300f7d23ed8c
Web page

scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7d7f9d2ee4b0841f3eba9fa3627044ad329428de

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatkernel-rt-0:4.18.0-553.186.1.rt7.527.el8_102026-11-11redhat
redhatkernel-0:4.18.0-553.186.1.el8_102026-11-11redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 7.3~rc7-1~exp1 (376 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.12.96-1 (38 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.115-2: fixed in 6.12.115-2
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 7.2~rc7-1~exp1 (192 versions)
  • every version up to 7.2.13-1: fixed in 7.2.13-1
—

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-14 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  2. 2026-11-14 00:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-14 00:26 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-14 00:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3wp3-5585-mc8q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  5. 2026-11-13 16:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  6. 2026-11-12 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  8. 2026-11-10 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  9. 2026-11-09 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  10. 2026-11-07 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  11. 2026-11-07 04:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-07 04:46 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-11-07 04:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3wp3-5585-mc8q · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  14. 2026-11-06 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  15. 2026-11-04 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  16. 2026-11-03 16:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  17. 2026-11-02 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  18. 2026-11-01 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 7th percentile
  20. 2026-10-31 13:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-31 13:27 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-10-31 13:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3wp3-5585-mc8q
  23. 2026-10-31 12:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scoredFirst assessed: 7.8 HIGH
  24. 2026-10-31 12:49 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-31 12:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3wp3-5585-mc8q
Show 14 more
  1. 2026-10-31 12:48 UTCMITRE cvelistV5CVSS v3 → 7.8 · severity → HIGH
  2. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  3. 2026-10-30 13:39 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-10-30 13:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3wp3-5585-mc8q
  5. 2026-10-30 13:27 UTCNVD update
  6. 2026-10-30 12:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-10-30 12:51 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-10-30 12:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-3wp3-5585-mc8q
  9. 2026-10-30 12:50 UTCMITRE cvelistV5
  10. 2026-10-29 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  11. 2026-10-28 11:26 UTCNVD update
  12. 2026-10-28 11:01 UTCENISA EUVD ID recordedEUVD-2026-111908 · Source: ENISA EUVD
  13. 2026-10-28 10:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-10-28 10:44 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-99156?
CVE-2026-99156 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 28, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: scsi: st: Fix use-after-free race between st_remove() and st_open() st_remove() drops the probe reference on the scsi_tape with kref_put() and only afterwards removes its index from st_index_idr. If that was the last reference,…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-99156 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-99156 was published on October 28, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 31, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-99156 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-99156 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (2nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-99156?
CVE-2026-99156 has a CVSS base score of 7.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-99156?
A fix for CVE-2026-99156 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-99156 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2026-99156

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-99156?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.