CVE-2026-52739

MEDIUMPre-NVD 5.95.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 5.9 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-07-02. A secondary CVSS source baseline 5.9; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2026-61165 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-hhm7-qrv5-h4r6 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 5.9Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to 4.5.0, a malicious block producer can terminate zebrad by placing the same shielded transaction in a non-finalized parent block and its child. In zebra-state/src/service/non_finalized_state/chain.rs, Chain::push originally inserted the transaction hash into tx_loc_by_hash and asserted uniqueness before updating shielded data and running the duplicate Sprout, Sapling, or Orchard nullifier checks. The repeated transaction therefore reached the transactions must be unique within a single chain assertion before contextual validation could reject it cleanly. Zebra release builds use panic equals abort, so the reachable assertion terminates the entire process; exploitation requires either two consecutive attacker-mined blocks or an attacker-mined child immediately after an honest block includes the attacker's shielded transaction. This issue is fixed in version 4.5.0.

CVSS v3
5.9
EG Score
5.9MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
27
EG Risk 27/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity59% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.9 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
44th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.9): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.9 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.9 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-09). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 2, 2026

Last Modified

November 9, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Aug 18, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github_release, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Repeated Non-Finalized Shielded Transaction Aborts Zebra Before Duplicate-Nullifier Rejection · Advisory · ZcashFoundation/zebra · GitHub

https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/security/advisories/GHSA-hhm7-qrv5-h4r6
GitHub release Patch Available

Zebra 4.5.0

Patch available: ZcashFoundation/zebra v4.5.0

https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/releases/tag/v4.5.0
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 1440b43ca7df (ZcashFoundation/zebra)

Patch available: ZcashFoundation/zebra v4.5.0 (contains commit 1440b43ca7df)

https://github.com/ZcashFoundation/zebra/commit/1440b43ca7df59aca948090d45117557b217a6cd

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-52739(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
rustzebrad @ 4.5.0 (fixes <= 4.4.1)—ghsa
rustzebra-state @ 7.0.0 (fixes <= 6.0.0)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 1 ecosystem)
crates.io(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
zebrad—
  • every version up to 4.5.0: fixed in 4.5.0
—
zebra-state—
  • every version up to 7.0.0: fixed in 7.0.0
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 107 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 7 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  3. 2026-11-11 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  4. 2026-11-10 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  5. 2026-11-09 20:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-09 20:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hhm7-qrv5-h4r6 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.9
  7. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  8. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  9. 2026-11-07 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  10. 2026-11-06 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  11. 2026-11-05 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  12. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 44th percentile
  13. 2026-11-03 16:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  14. 2026-11-02 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  15. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  16. 2026-11-01 07:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hhm7-qrv5-h4r6 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.9
  17. 2026-11-01 07:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  19. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  20. 2026-10-30 12:55 UTCOSV refresh
  21. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  23. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  24. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  25. 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-25 14:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  3. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  4. 2026-10-22 22:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-18 03:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  12. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  13. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  14. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-13 14:54 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-12 15:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-11 19:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-11 16:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-11 14:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  26. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  27. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  28. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  29. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  30. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  31. 2026-10-02 17:56 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  32. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  33. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  34. 2026-09-29 15:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  35. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  36. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  37. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  38. 2026-09-26 00:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  39. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  40. 2026-09-23 06:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  42. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  43. 2026-09-18 06:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 33rd percentile
  45. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-13 16:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  48. 2026-09-12 14:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  50. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  51. 2026-09-09 22:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  53. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  54. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  55. 2026-09-05 23:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  57. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  58. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  59. 2026-09-01 04:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  60. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  61. 2026-08-30 11:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  63. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  64. 2026-08-27 22:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  66. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  67. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  68. 2026-08-24 21:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-08-23 21:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  71. 2026-08-22 20:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  73. 2026-08-21 20:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-08-20 22:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 32nd percentile
  75. 2026-08-19 19:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-52739?
CVE-2026-52739 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 2, 2026. ZEBRA is a Zcash node written entirely in Rust. Prior to 4.5.0, a malicious block producer can terminate zebrad by placing the same shielded transaction in a non-finalized parent block and its child. In zebra-state/src/service/non_finalized_state/chain.rs, Chain::push originally inserted the…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-52739 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-52739 was published on July 2, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 9, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-52739 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-52739 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (44th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-52739?
CVE-2026-52739 has a CVSS base score of 5.9 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-52739?
A fix for CVE-2026-52739 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-52739 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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