CVE-2026-4878

HIGHNVD 7.07.0—
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

This high-severity CVE scores 7.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2%, top 89% of all CVEs by exploit prediction. GitHub Security Advisory data not yet ingested — confidence will rise once GHSA publishes (typical lag: hours to days for open-source ecosystem CVEs; never for infrastructure-only CVEs).

Triggered by: NVD CVSS baseline
Sources: epss, nvd
7.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixSerious severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet.
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0%CVSS: 7.0Exploit: None knownExposed: 0

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the cap_set_file() function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

CVSS v3
7.0
EG Score
7.0(medium)
EG Risk
32(Track)
EG Risk 32/100SSVC: Track

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity70% × 45%
Exploitation0% × 40%
Automatability0% × 15%
Action: Routine — remediate on your standard cadence.
EPSS PROB
0%
EPSS %ILE
10%
KEV
Not listed

Published

April 9, 2026

Last Modified

September 9, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Apr 30, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
generic

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/5
generic

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/08/9
generic

oss-security - libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/4
generic

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/14
redhat Patch Available

2451615 – (CVE-2026-4878) CVE-2026-4878 libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file()

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2451615
redhat

Bug Access Denied

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2447554
redhat Patch Available

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4878
redhat Patch Available
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7473
redhat Patch Available

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12441
redhat Patch Available

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12423

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-4878(20)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(30)

Vendor / EcosystemFixed in / PatchReleasedSource
redhatrhcos-412.86.202608241157-02026-09-03redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-tp-rhel9:17872412602026-08-24redhat
redhatcostmanagement/costmanagement-metrics-rhel9-operator:17835391562026-07-15redhat
redhatrhcos-417.94.202606250942-02026-07-09redhat
redhatrhcos-414.92.202606231112-02026-07-01redhat
redhatrhcos-413.92.202606160406-02026-06-25redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:17823530932026-06-25redhat
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:17823529502026-06-25redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9:17823529192026-06-25redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:17823528472026-06-25redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:17821669522026-06-24redhat
redhatcostmanagement/costmanagement-metrics-rhel9-operator:17809462392026-06-22redhat
redhatrhcos-416.94.202606051757-02026-06-18redhat
redhatrhcos-418.94.202606051320-02026-06-17redhat
redhatrhcos-415.92.202606030318-02026-06-11redhat
redhatrhcos-4.19.9.6.202606031700-02026-06-10redhat
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:17806819842026-06-10redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-4.el8_6.12026-06-08redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-5.el8_8.12026-06-03redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:17804204282026-06-02redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-9.el9_2.12026-05-27redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-rhel9:17797982222026-05-27redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-9.el9_4.12026-05-26redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-9.el9_6.12026-05-20redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.69-7.el10_0.12026-05-20redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-10.el9_8.12026-05-19redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.69-7.el10_2.12026-05-19redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:17781567562026-05-07redhat
redhatrhosdt/opentelemetry-target-allocator-rhel9:17780562452026-05-06redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-6.el8_10.12026-05-04redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(9 across 9 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap—2.78-r0—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap—2.78-r0—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap—2.78-r0—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap—2.78-r0—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap—2.78-r0—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap21:2.44-1 ... 1:2.78-1 (30 versions)——
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap21:2.66-4, 1:2.66-4+deb12u1, 1:2.66-4+deb12u21:2.66-4+deb12u3—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap21:2.75-101:2.75-10+deb13u1—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFixed inDependents
libcap21:2.75-10, 1:2.77-11:2.78-1—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(13)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 4× in last 7d / 72× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 291 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  2. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescore
  7. 2026-09-09 13:41 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-09-09 12:40 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-09-08 23:02 UTCEG score recompute
  10. 2026-09-08 23:02 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  12. 2026-09-08 16:15 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-09-07 21:31 UTCEG score recompute
  14. 2026-09-07 21:31 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-09-07 14:00 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-09-07 13:14 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-09-06 20:27 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-09-06 19:24 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-09-06 19:24 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-09-06 02:32 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-09-06 01:36 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-09-05 17:25 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-09-05 16:41 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-09-05 16:41 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-09-04 13:29 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-09-04 12:23 UTCEG score recompute
  4. 2026-09-04 12:23 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-09-03 13:20 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-09-03 12:29 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-09-03 12:29 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-09-02 14:12 UTCEPSS rescore
  10. 2026-09-01 13:54 UTCEPSS rescore
  11. 2026-09-01 12:22 UTCEG score recompute
  12. 2026-09-01 12:22 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-09-01 04:40 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-08-31 16:43 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-08-31 14:54 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-08-31 14:54 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescore
  19. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-08-26 14:46 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  23. 2026-08-25 13:25 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-08-25 12:22 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-08-25 10:23 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-08-25 09:23 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-08-25 07:36 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-08-25 06:57 UTCEG score recompute
  29. 2026-08-25 06:57 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-08-24 13:31 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-08-24 12:27 UTCVendor advisory
  32. 2026-08-24 10:24 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-08-24 09:28 UTCEG score recompute
  34. 2026-08-24 09:28 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-08-24 08:42 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-08-23 18:20 UTCVendor advisory
  37. 2026-08-23 17:21 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-08-23 13:21 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-08-23 12:26 UTCEG score recompute
  40. 2026-08-23 12:26 UTCVendor advisory
  41. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescore
  42. 2026-08-22 22:46 UTCEG score recompute
  43. 2026-08-22 22:46 UTCVendor advisory
  44. 2026-08-21 23:49 UTCEPSS rescore
  45. 2026-08-21 13:22 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-08-21 12:32 UTCEG score recompute
  47. 2026-08-21 12:32 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-08-19 17:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  49. 2026-08-19 12:28 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-08-19 12:11 UTCVendor advisory
  51. 2026-08-19 01:20 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-08-19 00:20 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-08-19 00:10 UTCEG score recompute
  54. 2026-08-19 00:10 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-08-18 13:48 UTCEPSS rescore
  56. 2026-08-17 13:47 UTCEPSS rescore
  57. 2026-08-17 12:25 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-08-17 12:13 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-08-17 11:43 UTCVendor advisory
  60. 2026-08-17 10:38 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-08-17 08:23 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-08-17 07:32 UTCEG score recompute
  63. 2026-08-17 07:32 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-08-16 14:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  65. 2026-08-16 13:33 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-08-16 12:21 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-08-16 09:16 UTCEG score recompute
  68. 2026-08-16 09:16 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-08-16 02:14 UTCEPSS rescore
  70. 2026-08-15 21:28 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-08-15 21:08 UTCEG score recompute
  72. 2026-08-15 21:08 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-08-15 01:30 UTCEPSS rescore
  74. 2026-08-14 18:24 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-08-14 05:09 UTCEG score recompute

Related CVEs(same vendor + same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-4878?
CVE-2026-4878 is a high vulnerability published on April 9, 2026. A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the capsetfile() function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so,…
When was CVE-2026-4878 disclosed?
CVE-2026-4878 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 9, 2026, with the most recent update on September 9, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2026-4878 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-4878 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days, which ranks it in the top 89.6% of all scored CVEs.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-4878?
CVE-2026-4878 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-4878?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2026-4878, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

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