CVE-2026-4878

HIGHNVD 7.07.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.2% (11th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2026-20910 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.0Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the cap_set_file() function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so, capabilities can be injected into or stripped from unintended executables, leading to privilege escalation.

CVSS v3
7.0
EG Score
7.0HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
32
EG Risk 32/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity70% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
11th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.0 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-10). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 9, 2026

Last Modified

November 4, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Apr 30, 2026
Patch available. Sources: redhat.
Web page

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/09/5
Web page

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/08/9
Web page

oss-security - libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/4
Web page

oss-security - Re: libcap-2.77 (since libcap-2.04) has TOCTOU privilege escalation issue

http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2026/04/07/14
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

2451615 – (CVE-2026-4878) CVE-2026-4878 libcap: libcap: Privilege escalation via TOCTOU race condition in cap_set_file()

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2451615
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

cve-details

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-4878
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:7473
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12441
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10.

https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:12423

Patch Availability(30)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatcert-manager/cert-manager-operator-bundle:17919704842026-10-14redhat
redhatcert-manager/cert-manager-operator-bundle:17919662592026-10-14redhat
redhatcert-manager/cert-manager-istio-csr-rhel9:17914597592026-10-13redhat
redhatcert-manager/cert-manager-operator-rhel9:17917882872026-10-13redhat
redhatcert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-rhel9:17913710692026-10-13redhat
redhatcert-manager/cert-manager-operator-rhel9:17890290762026-10-13redhat
redhatcert-manager/jetstack-cert-manager-rhel9:17914597112026-10-13redhat
redhatrhai/base-image-neuron-rhel9:17907035422026-10-01redhat
redhatcert-manager/cert-manager-trust-manager-rhel9:17905985932026-09-28redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-8:412.86.202608241157-02026-09-03redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-tp-rhel9:17872412602026-08-24redhat
redhatcostmanagement/costmanagement-metrics-rhel9-operator:17835391562026-07-15redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:417.94.202606250942-02026-07-09redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:414.92.202606231112-02026-07-01redhat
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:17823529502026-06-25redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-rocm-rhel9:17823530932026-06-25redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-spyre-rhel9:17823529192026-06-25redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:413.92.202606160406-02026-06-25redhat
redhatrhaiis/vllm-cuda-rhel9:17823528472026-06-25redhat
redhatdiscovery/discovery-ui-rhel9:17821669522026-06-24redhat
redhatcostmanagement/costmanagement-metrics-rhel9-operator:17809462392026-06-22redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:416.94.202606051757-02026-06-18redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:418.94.202606051320-02026-06-17redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:415.92.202606030318-02026-06-11redhat
redhatopenshift/ose-rhel-coreos-9:4.19.9.6.202606031700-02026-06-10redhat
redhatrhaiis/model-opt-cuda-rhel9:17806819842026-06-10redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-4.el8_6.12026-06-08redhat
redhatlibcap-0:2.48-5.el8_8.12026-06-03redhat
redhatinsights-proxy/insights-proxy-container-rhel9:17804204282026-06-02redhat
redhatrhui5/rhua-rhel9:17797982222026-05-27redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(9 across 9 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap—
  • every version up to 2.78-r0: fixed in 2.78-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap—
  • every version up to 2.78-r0: fixed in 2.78-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap—
  • every version up to 2.78-r0: fixed in 2.78-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap—
  • every version up to 2.78-r0: fixed in 2.78-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap—
  • every version up to 2.78-r0: fixed in 2.78-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap21:2.44-1 ... 1:2.78-1 (30 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap21:2.66-4, 1:2.66-4+deb12u1, 1:2.66-4+deb12u2
  • every version up to 1:2.66-4+deb12u3: fixed in 1:2.66-4+deb12u3
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap21:2.75-10
  • every version up to 1:2.75-10+deb13u1: fixed in 1:2.75-10+deb13u1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
libcap21:2.75-10, 1:2.77-1
  • every version up to 1:2.78-1: fixed in 1:2.78-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(22)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 38× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 371 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 271 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  2. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  3. 2026-11-11 10:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-11 10:43 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-11-10 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  6. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  7. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  8. 2026-11-07 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  9. 2026-11-06 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  10. 2026-11-05 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  11. 2026-11-04 23:26 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-11-04 22:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-04 22:45 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  15. 2026-11-03 16:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  16. 2026-11-02 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  17. 2026-11-02 08:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-02 08:46 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  20. 2026-10-31 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  21. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  22. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  23. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  24. 2026-10-27 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  25. 2026-10-26 21:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-26 21:30 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  3. 2026-10-25 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
  4. 2026-10-25 14:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-10-24 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  6. 2026-10-23 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  7. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-21 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  9. 2026-10-21 07:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-21 07:48 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-19 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  13. 2026-10-18 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-18 03:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  16. 2026-10-16 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  17. 2026-10-15 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-14 20:32 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-10-14 19:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-14 19:31 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-14 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  22. 2026-10-14 03:29 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-14 03:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-14 03:02 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  26. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  27. 2026-10-12 16:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-11 19:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-11 16:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-11 14:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-11 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  32. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  33. 2026-10-09 23:24 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-09 22:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-09 22:51 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  37. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  38. 2026-10-07 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  39. 2026-10-06 15:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  40. 2026-10-05 17:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  41. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  42. 2026-10-03 14:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  43. 2026-10-02 02:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-02 02:18 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  46. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  47. 2026-09-29 01:21 UTCVendor advisory
  48. 2026-09-29 00:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-09-29 00:57 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  51. 2026-09-27 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  52. 2026-09-26 15:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  53. 2026-09-26 00:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  54. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  55. 2026-09-20 20:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  56. 2026-09-18 19:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  57. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  58. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  59. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  60. 2026-09-11 14:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  61. 2026-09-10 09:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  62. 2026-09-09 13:41 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-09-09 12:40 UTCVendor advisory
  64. 2026-09-08 23:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-09-08 23:02 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-09-08 22:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  67. 2026-09-08 16:15 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-09-07 21:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-09-07 21:31 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  71. 2026-09-07 14:00 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-09-07 13:14 UTCVendor advisory
  73. 2026-09-06 20:27 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-09-06 19:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  75. 2026-09-06 19:24 UTCVendor advisory

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-4878?
CVE-2026-4878 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 9, 2026. A flaw was found in libcap. A local unprivileged user can exploit a Time-of-check-to-time-of-use (TOCTOU) race condition in the cap_set_file() function. This allows an attacker with write access to a parent directory to redirect file capability updates to an attacker-controlled file. By doing so,…
When was CVE-2026-4878 made public?
CVE-2026-4878 was made public on April 6, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Red Hat, Inc., gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on April 9, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 4, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-4878 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-4878 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (11th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-4878?
CVE-2026-4878 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-4878?
A fix for CVE-2026-4878 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-4878 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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