CVE-2026-40991

MEDIUMPre-NVD 5.95.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 5.9 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2026-06-10. A secondary CVSS source baseline 5.9; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2026-35885 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-6rpq-6vv2-5222 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.9Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

When using spring-restdocs-webtestclient or spring-restdocs-restassured to document a remote API accessed over HTTP, an attacker who compromises the API or tricks the user into documenting a malicious API can perform an XXE injection attack when the documentation-generating tests are next executed.

Affected versions: Spring REST Docs 4.0.0; 3.0.0 through 3.0.5; 2.0.0.RELEASE through 2.0.8.RELEASE.

CVSS v3
5.9
EG Score
5.9MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
27
EG Risk 27/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity59% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.9 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
12th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.9): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.9 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.9 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-07). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 10, 2026

Last Modified

July 23, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Jun 15, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

CVE-2026-40991: XML External Entity (XXE) injection when documenting untrusted XML content

https://spring.io/security/cve-2026-40991

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-40991(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(4)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
mavenorg.springframework.restdocs:spring-restdocs-restassured @ 4.0.1 (fixes = 4.0.0)—ghsa
mavenorg.springframework.restdocs:spring-restdocs-restassured @ 3.0.6 (fixes >= 3.0.0, <= 3.0.5)—ghsa
mavenorg.springframework.restdocs:spring-restdocs-restassured—ghsa
mavenorg.springframework.restdocs:spring-restdocs-webtestclient—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.springframework.restdocs:spring-restdocs-restassured1.1.0.RELEASE ... 2.0.8.RELEASE (20 versions)
  • 4.0.0 up to 4.0.1: fixed in 4.0.1
  • 3.0.0 up to 3.0.6: fixed in 3.0.6
  • every version through 2.0.8.RELEASE: no fix on record
—
org.springframework.restdocs:spring-restdocs-webtestclient2.0.0.RELEASE ... 2.0.8.RELEASE (9 versions)
  • 4.0.0 up to 4.0.1: fixed in 4.0.1
  • 3.0.0 up to 3.0.6: fixed in 3.0.6
  • every version through 2.0.8.RELEASE: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 31× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 243 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 143 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  3. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
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  6. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  7. 2026-11-07 19:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-6rpq-6vv2-5222 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.9
  8. 2026-11-07 19:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  10. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
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  15. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
  16. 2026-10-30 18:25 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
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  22. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
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  24. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  25. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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  1. 2026-10-23 02:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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  8. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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  14. 2026-10-12 16:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-11 19:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-11 17:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
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  18. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
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  27. 2026-10-03 09:39 UTCOSV refresh
  28. 2026-10-01 19:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
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  32. 2026-09-23 17:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
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  39. 2026-09-14 04:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-09-13 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 12th percentile
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  52. 2026-08-31 00:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
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  59. 2026-08-25 00:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
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  61. 2026-08-23 00:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
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  63. 2026-08-21 19:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-40991?
CVE-2026-40991 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 10, 2026. When using spring-restdocs-webtestclient or spring-restdocs-restassured to document a remote API accessed over HTTP, an attacker who compromises the API or tricks the user into documenting a malicious API can perform an XXE injection attack when the documentation-generating tests are next executed.…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-40991 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-40991 was published on June 10, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 23, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-40991 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-40991 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (12th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-40991?
CVE-2026-40991 has a CVSS base score of 5.9 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-40991?
A fix for CVE-2026-40991 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-40991 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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