CVE-2026-33896

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.1 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4% (30th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 7.4 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2026-03-26) is not newer than that change (2026-10-26), so it does not.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-16837 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, pki.verifyCertificateChain() does not enforce RFC 5280 basicConstraints requirements when an intermediate certificate lacks both the basicConstraints and keyUsage extensions. This allows any leaf certificate (without these extensions) to act as a CA and sign other certificates, which node-forge will accept as valid. Version 1.4.0 patches the issue.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
57
EG Risk 57/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity91% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
30th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.1 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 27, 2026

Last Modified

October 26, 2026

Advisory Details (9)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github, redhat.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

basicConstraints bypass in certificate chain verification (RFC 5280 violation) · Advisory · digitalbazaar/forge · GitHub

https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/security/advisories/GHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

2452458 – (CVE-2026-33896) CVE-2026-33896 node-forge: Forge (node-forge): Certificate validation bypass allows unauthorized certificate issuance

https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2452458
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)

CVE-2026-33896 - Red Hat Customer Portal

Affected: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 or OpenShift Container Platform 4, is affected by this vulnerability and a fix may be released to a

https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-33896
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:9742
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:34342
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:24761
Red HatMentions a patch (unverified)
https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:13826
GitHub commit

commit 2e492832fb25 (digitalbazaar/forge)

Fix landed in digitalbazaar/forge commit 2e492832fb25 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/digitalbazaar/forge/commit/2e492832fb25227e6b647cbe1ac981c123171e90

Patch Availability(6)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatrhceph/rhceph-9-rhel10:17908435272026-10-21redhat
redhatcluster-observability-operator/logging-console-plugin-pf4-rhel9:17828392792026-07-01redhat
redhatautomation-gateway-0:2.5.20260422-3.el9ap2026-06-09redhat
redhatrhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:17779032622026-05-05redhat
redhatrhdh/rhdh-hub-rhel9:17767842862026-04-22redhat
npmnode-forge @ 1.4.0 (fixes <= 1.3.3)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
node-forge—
  • every version up to 1.4.0: fixed in 1.4.0
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 23× in last 7d / 79× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 358 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 258 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  2. 2026-11-13 13:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-13 13:08 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-13 13:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  5. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  6. 2026-11-12 14:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-12 14:48 UTCVendor advisory
  8. 2026-11-12 14:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  9. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  10. 2026-11-11 16:31 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-11 16:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  12. 2026-11-10 18:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-10 18:13 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-10 18:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  15. 2026-11-10 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  16. 2026-11-09 19:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-09 19:56 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-09 19:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  19. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  20. 2026-11-08 21:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-08 21:39 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-11-08 21:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  23. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  24. 2026-11-07 23:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-07 23:22 UTCVendor advisory
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-07 23:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  2. 2026-11-07 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  3. 2026-11-07 01:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-07 01:00 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-11-07 01:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  6. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  7. 2026-11-06 06:25 UTCOSV refresh
  8. 2026-11-06 02:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-06 02:42 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-06 02:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  11. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  12. 2026-11-05 04:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-05 04:25 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-05 04:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  15. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  16. 2026-11-04 06:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-04 06:08 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-04 06:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  19. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  20. 2026-11-03 07:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-03 07:47 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-11-03 07:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  23. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  24. 2026-11-02 09:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-02 09:29 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-11-02 09:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  27. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  28. 2026-11-01 11:12 UTCVendor advisory
  29. 2026-11-01 11:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  30. 2026-11-01 07:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-2328-f5f3-gj25 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.4
  31. 2026-11-01 07:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  33. 2026-10-31 12:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-31 12:55 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  36. 2026-10-30 14:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-30 14:37 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  39. 2026-10-29 16:21 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-28 18:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-28 18:04 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  43. 2026-10-27 19:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-27 19:43 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  46. 2026-10-26 21:26 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-26 20:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-26 20:49 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  50. 2026-10-25 20:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-25 20:31 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 29th percentile
  53. 2026-10-25 14:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-24 22:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-24 22:14 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  57. 2026-10-23 23:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-23 23:53 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  60. 2026-10-23 01:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-23 01:33 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  63. 2026-10-22 03:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  64. 2026-10-22 03:10 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  66. 2026-10-21 04:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  67. 2026-10-21 04:52 UTCVendor advisory
  68. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  69. 2026-10-20 06:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-10-20 06:35 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  72. 2026-10-19 08:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  73. 2026-10-19 08:15 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  75. 2026-10-18 09:49 UTCVendor advisory

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-33896?
CVE-2026-33896 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 27, 2026. Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Prior to version 1.4.0, pki.verifyCertificateChain() does not enforce RFC 5280 basicConstraints requirements when an intermediate certificate lacks both the basicConstraints and keyUsage extensions.…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-33896 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-33896 was published on March 27, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 26, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-33896 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-33896 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (30th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-33896?
CVE-2026-33896 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-33896?
A fix for CVE-2026-33896 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-33896 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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