CVE-2026-31528

HIGHNVD 7.87.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 7.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-04-22. NVD baseline CVSS 7.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2026-24921 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.1%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

perf: Make sure to use pmu_ctx->pmu for groups

Oliver reported that x86_pmu_del() ended up doing an out-of-bound memory access when group_sched_in() fails and needs to roll back.

This *should* be handled by the transaction callbacks, but he found that when the group leader is a software event, the transaction handlers of the wrong PMU are used. Despite the move_group case in perf_event_open() and group_sched_in() using pmu_ctx->pmu.

Turns out, inherit uses event->pmu to clone the events, effectively undoing the move_group case for all inherited contexts. Fix this by also making inherit use pmu_ctx->pmu, ensuring all inherited counters end up in the same pmu context.

Similarly, __perf_event_read() should use equally use pmu_ctx->pmu for the group case.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
7.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.1%
EPSS %ILE
2nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-11). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 22, 2026

Last Modified

November 11, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Jun 6, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

perf: Make sure to use pmu_ctx->pmu for groups - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/656f35b463995bee024d948440128230aacd81e1
Web page

perf: Make sure to use pmu_ctx->pmu for groups - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4c759446046500a1a6785b25725725c3ff087ace
Web page

perf: Make sure to use pmu_ctx->pmu for groups - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4b9ce671960627b2505b3f64742544ae9801df97
Web page

perf: Make sure to use pmu_ctx->pmu for groups - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3a696e84a8b1fafdd774bb30d62919faf844d9e4
Web page

perf: Make sure to use pmu_ctx->pmu for groups - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/35f7914e54fe7f13654c22ee045b05e4b6d8062b

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-31528(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(15)

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(2 across 2 ecosystems)
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.38-1 ... 6.12.85-1~bpo12+1 (17 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.85-1: fixed in 6.12.85-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.19~rc8-1~exp1 (126 versions)
  • every version up to 6.19.11-1: fixed in 6.19.11-1
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(14)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 331 rows on record for this CVE, as 96 entries (4 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 4 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 231 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  3. 2026-11-11 23:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-11 23:33 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-11-11 23:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  7. 2026-11-10 21:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-10 21:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  9. 2026-11-10 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  10. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  11. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  12. 2026-11-07 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  13. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  14. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  15. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  16. 2026-11-03 20:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-03 20:20 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-03 20:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  19. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  20. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  21. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
Show 71 more
  1. 2026-10-27 18:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-10-27 18:43 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-10-27 18:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  4. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  7. 2026-10-25 14:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  9. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  10. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  11. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  12. 2026-10-20 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  13. 2026-10-19 19:36 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-10-19 19:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  15. 2026-10-19 19:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-19 19:00 UTCVendor advisory
  17. 2026-10-19 19:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  18. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  19. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  20. 2026-10-18 03:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-17 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  22. 2026-10-16 17:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-16 17:03 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-10-16 17:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  25. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  26. 2026-10-16 15:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-16 15:36 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-16 15:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-37p2-prpf-4qx7 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  29. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  30. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  31. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  32. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  33. 2026-10-12 16:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-11 19:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-11 17:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-11 14:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  38. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  39. 2026-10-10 17:55 UTCOSV refresh
  40. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  41. 2026-10-08 17:12 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  42. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  43. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  44. 2026-10-04 23:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  45. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  46. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  47. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  48. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  49. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  50. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  51. 2026-09-21 04:49 UTCOSV refresh
  52. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  53. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  54. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  55. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  56. 2026-09-12 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  57. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  58. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  59. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  60. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  61. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  62. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  63. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  64. 2026-09-02 02:38 UTCOSV refresh
  65. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  66. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  67. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  68. 2026-08-30 01:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  69. 2026-08-28 21:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  70. 2026-08-27 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile
  71. 2026-08-25 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 2nd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-31528?
CVE-2026-31528 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 22, 2026. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: perf: Make sure to use pmu_ctx->pmu for groups Oliver reported that x86_pmu_del() ended up doing an out-of-bound memory access when group_sched_in() fails and needs to roll back. This should be handled by the transaction callbacks,…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-31528 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-31528 was published on April 22, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 11, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-31528 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-31528 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (2nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-31528?
CVE-2026-31528 has a CVSS v3 base score of 7.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-31528?
A fix for CVE-2026-31528 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-31528 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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