CVE-2026-28945

HIGHPre-NVD 7.17.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-07-27. CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1 baseline 7.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: CISA-ADP (Vulnrichment) CVSS v3.1, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory

Also known asEUVD-2026-49494 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 7.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6. An app may be able to bypass network restrictions.

CVSS v3
7.1
EG Score
7.1HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
32
EG Risk 32/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity71% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
5th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-07). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 27, 2026

Last Modified

October 24, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jul 28, 2026
Fix named in the CVE record.
Web page

About the security content of macOS Sonoma 14.8.8 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/128072
Web page

About the security content of macOS Sequoia 15.7.8 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/128071
Web page

About the security content of macOS Tahoe 26.6 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/128067

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-28945(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 34× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 277 rows on record for this CVE, as 98 entries (2 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 177 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  2. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  3. 2026-11-10 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  4. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  5. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  6. 2026-11-08 07:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-08 07:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  8. 2026-11-07 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  9. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  10. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  11. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  12. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  13. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  14. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  15. 2026-10-31 22:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-31 22:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  17. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  18. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  19. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  20. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  21. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  22. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  23. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  24. 2026-10-25 14:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-10-24 13:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-10-24 13:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  3. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  4. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  5. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  6. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  7. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  8. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 03:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  11. 2026-10-17 16:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-10-17 16:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  13. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 5th percentile
  14. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  15. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  16. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  17. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  18. 2026-10-12 16:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-11 19:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-11 17:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-11 14:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  23. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  24. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  25. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  26. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  27. 2026-10-07 00:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-07 00:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  29. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  30. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  31. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  32. 2026-10-04 07:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  33. 2026-10-02 18:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-02 18:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  35. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  36. 2026-10-01 15:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  37. 2026-10-01 03:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-01 03:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  39. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  40. 2026-09-29 07:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-09-29 07:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  42. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  43. 2026-09-28 03:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-09-28 03:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  45. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  46. 2026-09-26 00:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 4th percentile
  47. 2026-09-25 06:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-09-25 06:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  49. 2026-09-24 10:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  50. 2026-09-23 22:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-09-23 22:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  52. 2026-09-23 09:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  53. 2026-09-22 21:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-09-22 21:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  55. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  56. 2026-09-20 00:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-09-20 00:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  58. 2026-09-19 08:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-09-19 08:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  60. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  61. 2026-09-18 18:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  62. 2026-09-18 02:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-09-18 02:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  64. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  65. 2026-09-17 01:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-09-17 01:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  67. 2026-09-16 14:08 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  68. 2026-09-16 06:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-09-16 06:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  70. 2026-09-16 05:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  71. 2026-09-15 09:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-09-15 09:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  73. 2026-09-14 09:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8574-xjhr-vxc8 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-28945?
CVE-2026-28945 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 27, 2026. A permissions issue was addressed with additional sandbox restrictions. This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6. An app may be able to bypass network restrictions.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-28945 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-28945 was published on July 27, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-28945 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-28945 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (5th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28945?
CVE-2026-28945 has a CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.1 (CISA-ADP / Vulnrichment enrichment; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-28945?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-28945 names the fix: "This issue is fixed in macOS Sequoia 15.7.8, macOS Sonoma 14.8.8, macOS Tahoe 26.6." The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-28945 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2026-28945

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