CVE-2026-28466

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.99.9
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.9 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-03-02. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.9; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-9912 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.9EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 9.9Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the gateway in which it fails to sanitize internal approval fields in node.invoke parameters, allowing authenticated clients to bypass exec approval gating for system.run commands. Attackers with valid gateway credentials can inject approval control fields to execute arbitrary commands on connected node hosts, potentially compromising developer workstations and CI runners.

CVSS v3
9.9
EG Score
9.9CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity99% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.9 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
41st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.9): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.9 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.9 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 5, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Nov 3, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
Web page

OpenClaw < 2026.2.14 - Remote Code Execution via Node Invoke Approval Bypass | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/openclaw-remote-code-execution-via-node-invoke-approval-bypass
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Remote Code Execution via Node Invoke Approval Bypass in Gateway · Advisory · openclaw/openclaw · GitHub

https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/security/advisories/GHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58
GitHub commit

commit 0af76f5f0e93 (openclaw/openclaw)

Fix landed in openclaw/openclaw commit 0af76f5f0e93 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/0af76f5f0e93540efbdf054895216c398692afcd

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-28466(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
npmopenclaw @ 2026.2.14 (fixes < 2026.2.14)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
openclaw—
  • every version up to 2026.2.14: fixed in 2026.2.14
—

Weakness Classification(3)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 166 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 66 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  2. 2026-11-13 02:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-13 02:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  4. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 03:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 03:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  7. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  8. 2026-11-11 04:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-11 04:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  10. 2026-11-10 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  11. 2026-11-10 06:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-10 06:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  13. 2026-11-09 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  14. 2026-11-09 07:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-09 07:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  16. 2026-11-08 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  17. 2026-11-08 08:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-08 08:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  19. 2026-11-07 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  20. 2026-11-07 10:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-07 10:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  22. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  23. 2026-11-06 11:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-06 11:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  25. 2026-11-06 04:55 UTCOSV refresh
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 12:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-05 12:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  4. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  5. 2026-11-04 14:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-04 14:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  7. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  8. 2026-11-03 15:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  9. 2026-11-02 16:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-02 16:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  11. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  12. 2026-11-01 17:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-01 17:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  14. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  15. 2026-11-01 07:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gv46-4xfq-jv58 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.9
  16. 2026-11-01 07:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-31 19:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  19. 2026-10-30 20:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  21. 2026-10-29 21:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  23. 2026-10-28 23:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  25. 2026-10-28 00:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  27. 2026-10-27 01:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  29. 2026-10-25 23:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  31. 2026-10-25 14:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-25 00:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  34. 2026-10-24 01:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  36. 2026-10-23 03:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 53rd percentile
  38. 2026-10-22 04:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  40. 2026-10-21 05:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  42. 2026-10-20 07:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  44. 2026-10-19 08:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  46. 2026-10-18 03:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  48. 2026-10-17 06:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 52nd percentile
  50. 2026-10-16 07:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  52. 2026-10-15 06:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  54. 2026-10-14 02:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-13 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  56. 2026-10-12 22:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-12 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  58. 2026-10-12 16:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-11 19:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  60. 2026-10-11 17:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-11 14:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-11 14:36 UTCOSV refresh
  63. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  64. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  65. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  66. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  67. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  68. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  69. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  70. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  71. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 51st percentile
  72. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  73. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 50th percentile
  74. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile
  75. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.7% · 49th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCOrioning/CVE-2026-28466
    Published Mar 28, 2026

    CVE-2026-28466复现脚本

    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-28466?
CVE-2026-28466 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 5, 2026. OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.14 contain a vulnerability in the gateway in which it fails to sanitize internal approval fields in node.invoke parameters, allowing authenticated clients to bypass exec approval gating for system.run commands. Attackers with valid gateway credentials can inject…
When was CVE-2026-28466 made public?
CVE-2026-28466 was made public on February 14, 2026: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on March 5, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-28466 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-28466 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (41st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-28466?
CVE-2026-28466 has a CVSS base score of 9.9 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-28466?
A fix for CVE-2026-28466 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-28466 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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