CVE-2026-25955

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.6% (47th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-8735 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xf_AppUpdateWindowFromSurface reuses a cached XImage whose data pointer references a freed RDPGFX surface buffer, because gdi_DeleteSurface frees surface->data without invalidating the appWindow->image that aliases it. Version 3.23.0 fixes the issue.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
47th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 25, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Heap-use-after-free in xf_AppUpdateWindowFromSurface (stale XImage) · Advisory · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/security/advisories/GHSA-4g54-x8v7-559x
GitHub commit

commit 169d35873450 (FreeRDP/FreeRDP)

Fix landed in FreeRDP/FreeRDP commit 169d35873450 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/commit/169d358734509e82663a0d6a0085ae726d439d8e
Web page

FreeRDP/libfreerdp/gdi/gfx.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/libfreerdp/gdi/gfx.c#L1224-L1227
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_window.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1528
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_window.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1494-L1500
Web page

FreeRDP/client/X11/xf_window.c at 5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e · FreeRDP/FreeRDP · GitHub

https://github.com/FreeRDP/FreeRDP/blob/5c7aae27d0417b42b4806c2a5c583ca39dd9ef1e/client/X11/xf_window.c#L1484-L1492

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuwinpr3-utils (3.16.0+dfsg-2ubuntu0.3) @ questing2026-11-03ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(6 across 6 ecosystems)
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp—
  • every version up to 3.23.0-r0: fixed in 3.23.0-r0
—
Alpine:v3.24(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp—
  • every version up to 3.23.0-r0: fixed in 3.23.0-r0
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.9.0+dfsg1-1~bpo11+1 (32 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp22.10.0+dfsg1-1 ... 2.11.7+dfsg1-6~deb12u1 (13 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1
  • every version up to 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1: fixed in 3.15.0+dfsg-2.1+deb13u1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
freerdp33.15.0+dfsg-2.1 ... 3.23.0+dfsg-1~bpo13+1 (20 versions)
  • every version up to 3.23.0+dfsg-1: fixed in 3.23.0+dfsg-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 45× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 185 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 85 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 11:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  3. 2026-11-12 11:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-11 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  5. 2026-11-11 11:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-10 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  7. 2026-11-10 10:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-09 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  9. 2026-11-09 10:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-08 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  11. 2026-11-08 10:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-07 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  13. 2026-11-07 10:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-06 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  15. 2026-11-06 09:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-06 03:55 UTCOSV refresh
  17. 2026-11-05 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  18. 2026-11-05 09:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-04 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  20. 2026-11-04 09:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  22. 2026-11-03 09:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-03 09:02 UTCVendor advisory
  24. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  25. 2026-11-02 08:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-02 08:46 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  3. 2026-11-01 08:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-10-31 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 47th percentile
  5. 2026-10-31 08:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-10-31 08:15 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-10-30 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  8. 2026-10-30 08:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-10-30 08:00 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-10-29 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  11. 2026-10-29 07:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-10-29 07:44 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-28 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  14. 2026-10-28 07:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-28 07:29 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  17. 2026-10-27 07:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  19. 2026-10-26 03:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-26 03:52 UTCVendor advisory
  21. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 14:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-25 03:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-25 03:37 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  26. 2026-10-24 03:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-24 03:22 UTCVendor advisory
  28. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.9% · 58th percentile
  29. 2026-10-23 03:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-23 03:06 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-22 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  32. 2026-10-22 02:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-22 02:50 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  35. 2026-10-21 02:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  37. 2026-10-20 02:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-20 02:19 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  40. 2026-10-19 01:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-19 01:39 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  43. 2026-10-18 03:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-18 01:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-18 01:23 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  47. 2026-10-17 01:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-16 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  49. 2026-10-16 00:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 56th percentile
  51. 2026-10-14 19:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  53. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  54. 2026-10-13 15:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-13 15:54 UTCVendor advisory
  56. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  57. 2026-10-12 15:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-12 08:58 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-11 20:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  60. 2026-10-11 17:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-11 14:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  63. 2026-10-10 20:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  64. 2026-10-09 20:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 55th percentile
  65. 2026-10-09 14:25 UTCOSV refresh
  66. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  67. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  68. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  69. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  70. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  71. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  72. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  73. 2026-09-30 15:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  74. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile
  75. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.8% · 54th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-25955?
CVE-2026-25955 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 25, 2026. FreeRDP is a free implementation of the Remote Desktop Protocol. Prior to version 3.23.0, xf_AppUpdateWindowFromSurface reuses a cached XImage whose data pointer references a freed RDPGFX surface buffer, because gdi_DeleteSurface frees surface->data without invalidating the appWindow->image that…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-25955 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-25955 was published on February 25, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-25955 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-25955 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (47th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-25955?
CVE-2026-25955 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-25955?
A fix for CVE-2026-25955 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

Dependency Blast Radius

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