CVE-2026-16194

MEDIUMPre-NVD 6.36.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 6.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: LOW) published 2026-07-19. A secondary CVSS source baseline 6.3; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2026-45404 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

6.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 6.3Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A vulnerability was determined in zhayujie CowAgent up to 2.1.1. This affects the function WebFetch.execute of the file agent/tools/web_fetch/web_fetch.py. Executing a manipulation of the argument url can lead to server-side request forgery. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized. Upgrading to version 2.1.2 is able to mitigate this issue. This patch is called ea47f3097eed4f8295c4cb3d76ecb97e0f43d632. It is recommended to upgrade the affected component. The vendor was contacted early, responded in a very professional manner and quickly released a fixed version of the affected product.

CVSS v3
6.3
EG Score
6.3MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
44
EG Risk 44/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity63% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 6.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
40th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (6.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 6.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
6.3 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-10-28). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

July 18, 2026

Last Modified

October 24, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Jul 18, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_pr, github_commit, github_release.
Web page

GitHub - zhayujie/CowAgent: Open-source super AI assistant & Agent Harness. Plans tasks, runs tools and skills, self-evolves with memory and knowledge. Multi-model, multi-channel. Lightweight, extensible, one-line install. (formerly chatgpt-on-wechat) · GitHub

https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent/
GitHub release Patch Available

2.1.2

Patch available: zhayujie/CowAgent 2.1.2

https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent/releases/tag/2.1.2
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit ea47f3097eed (zhayujie/CowAgent)

Patch available: zhayujie/CowAgent 2.1.2 (contains commit ea47f3097eed)

https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent/commit/ea47f3097eed4f8295c4cb3d76ecb97e0f43d632
GitHub pull request Patch Available

fix(web_fetch): add SSRF guard for model-supplied URLs

Patch available: zhayujie/CowAgent 2.1.2 (PR #2900 merged 2026-06-17)

https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent/pull/2900
Web page

[Security] Server-Side Request Forgery in built-in `web_fetch` tool allows access to special-use and internal HTTP destinations · Issue #2889 · zhayujie/CowAgent · GitHub

https://github.com/zhayujie/CowAgent/issues/2889

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2026-16194(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 210 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 110 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  3. 2026-11-11 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  4. 2026-11-10 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  5. 2026-11-09 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  6. 2026-11-08 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  7. 2026-11-07 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  8. 2026-11-06 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  9. 2026-11-05 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  10. 2026-11-04 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  11. 2026-11-03 16:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  12. 2026-11-02 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  13. 2026-11-01 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  14. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  15. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  16. 2026-10-29 15:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-29 15:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  18. 2026-10-28 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  19. 2026-10-27 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  20. 2026-10-26 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  21. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 14:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-24 20:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-24 20:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  25. 2026-10-24 20:26 UTCNVD updateCVSS v4 → 2.1
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-10-24 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  2. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  3. 2026-10-23 06:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-10-23 06:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  5. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  6. 2026-10-21 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  7. 2026-10-20 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  8. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  10. 2026-10-18 04:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  12. 2026-10-16 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  13. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  14. 2026-10-14 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  15. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  16. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  17. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-11 20:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-11 17:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-11 14:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-11 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  22. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  23. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  24. 2026-10-08 17:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  25. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  26. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  27. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  28. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  29. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  30. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  31. 2026-10-01 10:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-01 10:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  33. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  34. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  35. 2026-09-28 13:51 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  36. 2026-09-28 07:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-09-28 07:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  38. 2026-09-27 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  39. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 37th percentile
  40. 2026-09-24 04:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-09-24 04:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  42. 2026-09-23 02:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-09-23 02:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  44. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  45. 2026-09-18 10:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-09-18 10:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  47. 2026-09-17 10:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-09-17 10:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  49. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  50. 2026-09-16 05:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 39th percentile
  51. 2026-09-14 05:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-09-14 05:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  53. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  54. 2026-09-13 04:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-09-13 04:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  56. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  57. 2026-09-11 21:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-09-11 21:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  59. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  60. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  61. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  62. 2026-09-08 22:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  63. 2026-09-07 23:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  64. 2026-09-07 23:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  65. 2026-09-07 16:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  66. 2026-09-06 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  67. 2026-09-05 20:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-09-05 20:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  69. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  70. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  71. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  72. 2026-09-01 04:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile
  73. 2026-08-31 03:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-08-31 03:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-wcfc-xp4r-c7rv · GitHub severity LOW · GitHub CVSS 6.3
  75. 2026-08-30 19:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 38th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2026-16194?
CVE-2026-16194 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on July 18, 2026. A vulnerability was determined in zhayujie CowAgent up to 2.1.1. This affects the function WebFetch.execute of the file agent/tools/web_fetch/web_fetch.py. Executing a manipulation of the argument url can lead to server-side request forgery. The attack may be performed from remote. The exploit has…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2026-16194 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2026-16194 was published on July 18, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2026-16194 actively exploited?
CVE-2026-16194 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (40th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2026-16194?
CVE-2026-16194 has a CVSS base score of 6.3 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2026-16194?
A fix for CVE-2026-16194 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2026-16194 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2026-16194

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2026-16194?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.