CVE-2025-71436

HIGHPre-NVD 7.17.1
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 7.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2026-10-20. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-211138 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 7.1Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Raptor RDF Syntax Library from 2.0.15 through 2.0.16 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in raptor_new_term_from_counted_literal() caused by truncating language tag length to an unsigned char. Attackers can supply Turtle, TriG, N-Triples or N-Quads documents with language tags of 256 bytes or longer to corrupt heap memory, crash applications, and possibly execute code.

CVSS
7.1
EG Score
7.1HIGHhigh confidence
EG Risk
48
EG Risk 48/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity71% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
43rd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.1 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-10). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

October 20, 2026

Last Modified

October 28, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Oct 20, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web page

Raptor RDF Syntax Library 2.0.15 through 2.0.16 Heap Buffer Overflow via Language Tag | Advisories | VulnCheck

https://www.vulncheck.com/advisories/raptor-rdf-syntax-library-2.0.15-through-2.0.16-heap-buffer-overflow-via-language-tag
Web page

raptor/src/raptor_term.c at raptor2_2_0_16 · dajobe/raptor · GitHub

https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/blob/raptor2_2_0_16/src/raptor_term.c#L270-L287
Web page

raptor/src/raptor_term.c at raptor2_2_0_16 · dajobe/raptor · GitHub

https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/blob/raptor2_2_0_16/src/raptor_term.c#L200-L218
GitHub commit

commit 361a803a7281 (dajobe/raptor)

Fix landed in dajobe/raptor commit 361a803a7281 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/commit/361a803a72817ae771db2438277229e6541e1575
Web page

Various crashes, including security sensitive issues (heap overflows, invalid memory accesses, double free) · Issue #83 · dajobe/raptor · GitHub

https://github.com/dajobe/raptor/issues/83

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-71436(4)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
redhatraptor2-0:2.0.15-18.el8_102026-11-03redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(3 across 3 ecosystems)
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
raptor22.0.15-4 ... 2.0.16-7 (9 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
raptor22.0.16-6, 2.0.16-7
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
raptor22.0.16-6, 2.0.16-7
  • every version on: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 32× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

  1. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  2. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  3. 2026-11-11 03:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-11 03:11 UTCVendor advisory
  5. 2026-11-11 03:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  6. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  7. 2026-11-10 04:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-10 04:27 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-11-10 04:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  10. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  11. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  12. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  13. 2026-11-06 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  14. 2026-11-05 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  15. 2026-11-04 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  16. 2026-11-03 19:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-03 19:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  18. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  19. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  20. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  21. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  23. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-28 14:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
Show 17 more
  1. 2026-10-27 19:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-10-27 19:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  3. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  4. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  5. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  6. 2026-10-25 16:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  8. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  9. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  10. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  11. 2026-10-20 20:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-10-20 20:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m7mm-cj97-2wxq · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.1
  13. 2026-10-20 17:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-10-20 16:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-20 16:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-20 15:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scoredFirst assessed: 7.1 HIGH
  17. 2026-10-20 15:47 UTCMITRE cvelistV5first tracked

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-71436?
CVE-2025-71436 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on October 20, 2026. Raptor RDF Syntax Library from 2.0.15 through 2.0.16 contains a heap-based buffer overflow vulnerability in raptor_new_term_from_counted_literal() caused by truncating language tag length to an unsigned char. Attackers can supply Turtle, TriG, N-Triples or N-Quads documents with language tags of…
When was CVE-2025-71436 made public?
CVE-2025-71436 was made public on October 18, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, VulnCheck, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on October 20, 2026. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 28, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-71436 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-71436 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (43rd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-71436?
CVE-2025-71436 has a CVSS base score of 7.1 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-71436?
A fix for CVE-2025-71436 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-71436 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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