CVE-2025-66401

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2025-12-02. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-200116 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo release containing the referenced fix is confirmed: check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2.2%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but no release containing it is confirmed — find the release that contains it; until it is applied, mitigate (WAF / firewall / segmentation).

MCP Watch is a comprehensive security scanner for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. In 0.1.2 and earlier, the MCPScanner class contains a critical Command Injection vulnerability in the cloneRepo method. The application passes the user-supplied githubUrl argument directly to a system shell via execSync without sanitization. This allows an attacker to execute arbitrary commands on the host machine by appending shell metacharacters to the URL.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
2.2%
EPSS %ILE
82nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
2.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is referenced, but no release containing it is confirmed. Check the referenced fix and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains it; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

December 1, 2025

Last Modified

October 18, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Nov 7, 2026
🔬 Proof of concept available. Fix referenced — no release confirmed yet. Sources: github, github_commit.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)🟡 PoC Available

Critical Command Injection in cloneRepo allows Remote Code Execution (RCE) via malicious URL · Advisory · kapilduraphe/mcp-watch · GitHub

https://github.com/kapilduraphe/mcp-watch/security/advisories/GHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm
GitHub commit

commit e7da78c5b4b9 (kapilduraphe/mcp-watch)

Fix landed in kapilduraphe/mcp-watch commit e7da78c5b4b9 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/kapilduraphe/mcp-watch/commit/e7da78c5b4b960f8b66c254059ad9ebc544a91a6

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-66401(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
npmmcp-watch—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
mcp-watch—
  • every version through 0.1.2: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 61× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 277 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 177 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 22:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-12 22:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  5. 2026-11-11 22:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-11 22:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  8. 2026-11-10 23:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-10 23:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  10. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  11. 2026-11-10 00:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-10 00:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  14. 2026-11-09 00:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-09 00:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  17. 2026-11-08 01:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-08 01:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  20. 2026-11-07 02:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-07 02:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  22. 2026-11-06 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  23. 2026-11-06 03:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-06 03:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-11-05 17:55 UTCOSV refresh
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 04:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-05 04:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-04 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  5. 2026-11-04 05:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-04 05:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  8. 2026-11-03 05:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-03 05:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  10. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  11. 2026-11-02 06:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-02 06:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-11-01 07:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-01 07:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-31 08:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-31 08:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-30 09:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-30 09:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-29 10:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-29 10:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  25. 2026-10-28 11:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-28 11:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  27. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  28. 2026-10-27 11:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-27 11:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  30. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  31. 2026-10-26 12:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-26 12:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  33. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  34. 2026-10-25 16:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-25 12:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-25 12:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  37. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  38. 2026-10-24 13:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-24 13:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  40. 2026-10-23 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  41. 2026-10-23 14:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-23 14:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  43. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  44. 2026-10-22 15:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-22 15:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  46. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  47. 2026-10-21 15:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  48. 2026-10-20 16:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-20 16:49 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  50. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  51. 2026-10-19 17:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-19 17:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  53. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  54. 2026-10-18 18:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  55. 2026-10-18 17:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-18 17:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  57. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  58. 2026-10-18 05:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-17 18:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  60. 2026-10-17 18:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  61. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  62. 2026-10-16 19:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-10-16 19:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  64. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  65. 2026-10-15 16:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-15 16:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  67. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  68. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  69. 2026-10-14 10:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-10-14 10:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  71. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  72. 2026-10-13 09:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  73. 2026-10-12 16:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  75. 2026-10-12 10:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-27m7-ffhq-jqrm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-66401?
CVE-2025-66401 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 1, 2025. MCP Watch is a comprehensive security scanner for Model Context Protocol (MCP) servers. In 0.1.2 and earlier, the MCPScanner class contains a critical Command Injection vulnerability in the cloneRepo method. The application passes the user-supplied githubUrl argument directly to a system shell via…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-66401 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-66401 was published on December 1, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 18, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-66401 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-66401 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (82nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-66401?
CVE-2025-66401 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-66401?
A fix for CVE-2025-66401 is referenced (a reference tagged "Patch", often a source commit), but EchelonGraph has no release containing it on record. Check that reference and the vendor's advisory for a release that contains the fix and update to it; until then, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-66401 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

See which npm, PyPI, Go, and Maven packages are affected by CVE-2025-66401

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