CVE-2025-66224

HIGHNVD 8.88.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 8.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.6% (49th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-199907 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

8.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Public exploit or proof-of-concept code is available
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.6%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

OrangeHRM is a comprehensive human resource management (HRM) system. From version 5.0 to 5.7, the application contains an input-neutralization flaw in its mail configuration and delivery workflow that allows user-controlled values to flow directly into the system’s sendmail command. Because these values are not sanitized or constrained before being incorporated into the command execution path, certain sendmail behaviors can be unintentionally invoked during email processing. This makes it possible for the application to write files on the server as part of the mail-handling routine, and in deployments where those files end up in web-accessible locations, the behavior can be leveraged to achieve execution of attacker-controlled content. The issue stems entirely from constructing OS-level command strings using unsanitized input within the mail-sending logic. This issue has been patched in version 5.8.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
8.8HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
56
EG Risk 56/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity88% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.6%
EPSS %ILE
49th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (8.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 8.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
8.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.6% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-10). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

November 29, 2025

Last Modified

October 18, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Aug 8, 2026
Fix named in the CVE record. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Code Execution Through Arbitrary File Write from Sendmail Parameter Injection · Advisory · orangehrm/orangehrm · GitHub

https://github.com/orangehrm/orangehrm/security/advisories/GHSA-2w7w-h5wv-xr55

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 30× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 218 rows on record for this CVE, as 97 entries (3 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 118 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 49th percentile
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  4. 2026-11-11 14:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 49th percentile
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  11. 2026-11-04 23:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 48th percentile
  13. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 48th percentile
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  18. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
  19. 2026-10-29 07:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
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  24. 2026-10-25 16:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 46th percentile
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  1. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  2. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  3. 2026-10-22 11:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
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  7. 2026-10-18 18:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 05:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-17 23:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
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  15. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  16. 2026-10-12 16:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
  18. 2026-10-11 20:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-11 18:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-11 15:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.6% · 45th percentile
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  31. 2026-10-01 08:10 UTCOSV refresh
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  46. 2026-09-12 09:10 UTCOSV refresh
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  63. 2026-08-24 14:02 UTCOSV refresh
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Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCrichard-natan/PoC-CVE-2025-66224
    Published Dec 17, 2025
    Open source ↗

Related CVEs(same CWE)

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-66224?
CVE-2025-66224 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on November 29, 2025. OrangeHRM is a comprehensive human resource management (HRM) system. From version 5.0 to 5.7, the application contains an input-neutralization flaw in its mail configuration and delivery workflow that allows user-controlled values to flow directly into the system’s sendmail command. Because these…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-66224 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-66224 was published on November 29, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 18, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-66224 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-66224 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.6% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (49th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-66224?
CVE-2025-66224 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-66224?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-66224 names the fix: "This issue has been patched in version 5.8."

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