CVE-2025-66216

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.8 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 0.5% (46th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-199899 (ENISA EUVD)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.5%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

AIS-catcher is a multi-platform AIS receiver. Prior to version 0.64, a heap buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified in the AIS::Message class of AIS-catcher. This vulnerability allows an attacker to write approximately 1KB of arbitrary data into a 128-byte buffer. This issue has been patched in version 0.64.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.5%
EPSS %ILE
46th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
0.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

November 29, 2025

Last Modified

October 7, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Nov 8, 2026
Fix named in the CVE record. Sources: github_commit.
GitHub commit

commit 3de0ef785fc3 (jvde-github/AIS-catcher)

Fix landed in jvde-github/AIS-catcher commit 3de0ef785fc3 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/jvde-github/AIS-catcher/commit/3de0ef785fc3c96265a71b37df7b0a82cb279312
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Heap Buffer Overflow leading to RCE in `AIS::Message` · Advisory · jvde-github/AIS-catcher · GitHub

https://github.com/jvde-github/AIS-catcher/security/advisories/GHSA-v53x-f5hh-g2g6

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 31× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 243 rows on record for this CVE, as 98 entries (2 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 143 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 46th percentile
  2. 2026-11-13 08:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 46th percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 07:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 46th percentile
  6. 2026-11-11 06:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  8. 2026-11-10 06:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  10. 2026-11-09 05:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  12. 2026-11-08 04:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  14. 2026-11-07 03:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  16. 2026-11-06 03:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-05 17:55 UTCOSV refresh
  18. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  19. 2026-11-05 02:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  21. 2026-11-04 01:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  23. 2026-11-03 01:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  25. 2026-11-02 00:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
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  1. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  2. 2026-10-31 23:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  4. 2026-10-30 22:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 45th percentile
  6. 2026-10-29 22:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  8. 2026-10-28 21:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  10. 2026-10-27 20:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  12. 2026-10-26 19:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 43rd percentile
  14. 2026-10-25 17:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-25 16:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  18. 2026-10-24 16:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  20. 2026-10-23 15:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-22 14:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  24. 2026-10-21 14:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  26. 2026-10-20 13:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  28. 2026-10-19 12:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  30. 2026-10-18 05:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  32. 2026-10-17 09:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  34. 2026-10-16 08:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  36. 2026-10-15 07:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  38. 2026-10-14 03:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  40. 2026-10-12 16:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  42. 2026-10-11 20:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-11 18:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-11 15:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  46. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  47. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  48. 2026-10-08 17:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  49. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  50. 2026-10-07 20:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  52. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  53. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  54. 2026-10-03 14:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  55. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  56. 2026-10-01 08:40 UTCOSV refresh
  57. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  58. 2026-09-29 15:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  59. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  60. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  61. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 40th percentile
  62. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  63. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  64. 2026-09-19 15:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  65. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  66. 2026-09-17 19:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  67. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 42nd percentile
  68. 2026-09-15 03:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  69. 2026-09-13 16:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  70. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  71. 2026-09-12 09:10 UTCOSV refresh
  72. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile
  73. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.5% · 41st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-66216?
CVE-2025-66216 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on November 29, 2025. AIS-catcher is a multi-platform AIS receiver. Prior to version 0.64, a heap buffer overflow vulnerability has been identified in the AIS::Message class of AIS-catcher. This vulnerability allows an attacker to write approximately 1KB of arbitrary data into a 128-byte buffer. This issue has been…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-66216 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-66216 was published on November 29, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 7, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-66216 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-66216 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.5% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (46th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-66216?
CVE-2025-66216 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-66216?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-66216 names the fix: "This issue has been patched in version 0.64."

Dependency Blast Radius

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