CVE-2025-62221

CRITICALPre-NVD 7.89.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than the CVSS score beside it.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-12-09), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. A secondary CVSS source baseline 7.8 retained for reference (NVD's own analysis pending). The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.8 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source
Exploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2025-202200 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low or medium mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 2.5%CVSS: 7.8Exploit: Public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Use after free in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

CVSS v3
7.8
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
75
EG Risk 75/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity78% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.
EPSS PROB
2.5%
EPSS %ILE
85th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 7.8 HIGH.

EG Severity
7.8 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
2.5% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-13). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Attend at medium mission impactTrack at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Attend at medium and Act at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low, sooner than that at medium and as soon as possible at high mission impact.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days & forensic triage if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/en-US/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62221 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-62221

Published

December 9, 2025

Last Modified

September 25, 2026

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Nov 10, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Patch available. Sources: cisa, microsoft.
CISA🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-62221
Microsoft

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-62221

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-62221(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 17× in last 7d / 81× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 1,929 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 1,829 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 20:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 20:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  3. 2026-11-13 16:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 85th percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 20:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 20:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  6. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 85th percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 20:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-11 20:56 UTCVendor advisory
  9. 2026-11-11 20:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  10. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 85th percentile
  11. 2026-11-10 21:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-10 21:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  13. 2026-11-10 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  14. 2026-11-09 21:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-09 21:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  16. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  17. 2026-11-08 21:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-08 21:52 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-08 21:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  20. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  21. 2026-11-07 22:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-07 22:11 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-07 22:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  24. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  25. 2026-11-06 22:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-06 22:26 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-06 22:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  3. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  4. 2026-11-05 22:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-05 22:45 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-05 22:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  7. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  8. 2026-11-04 23:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-04 23:04 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-04 23:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  11. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  12. 2026-11-03 23:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-03 23:22 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-03 23:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  15. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  16. 2026-11-02 23:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-02 23:41 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-02 23:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  19. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  20. 2026-11-01 23:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-01 23:59 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-11-01 23:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  23. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  24. 2026-11-01 00:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-01 00:18 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-11-01 00:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  27. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  28. 2026-10-31 00:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-31 00:37 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-31 00:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  31. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  32. 2026-10-30 00:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-30 00:56 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-30 00:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  35. 2026-10-29 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  36. 2026-10-29 01:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-29 01:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  38. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  39. 2026-10-28 01:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-28 01:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  41. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  42. 2026-10-27 01:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-27 01:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  44. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  45. 2026-10-26 02:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-26 02:08 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-26 02:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  48. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  49. 2026-10-25 16:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-25 02:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-25 02:27 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-25 02:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  53. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  54. 2026-10-24 02:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-24 02:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  56. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  57. 2026-10-23 03:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-23 03:04 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-23 03:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  60. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  61. 2026-10-22 03:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-22 03:23 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-10-22 03:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  64. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  65. 2026-10-21 03:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-21 03:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  67. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  68. 2026-10-20 03:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-20 03:58 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-10-20 03:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  71. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile
  72. 2026-10-19 04:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  73. 2026-10-19 04:14 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-10-19 04:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-4xhr-vh2p-rpch · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 7.8
  75. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.5% · 84th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(1 reference)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 GitHub PoC). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • GitHub PoCTeodor1231241/DEMO-Proof-of-Concept-Temporal-Memory-Inconsistency-in-cldflt.sys-CVE-2025-62221
    Published Jan 18, 2026
    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-62221?
CVE-2025-62221 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 9, 2025. Use after free in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.
When was CVE-2025-62221 made public?
CVE-2025-62221 was made public on December 9, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Microsoft Corporation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on December 9, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 25, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-62221 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-62221 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on December 9, 2025, affecting Microsoft Windows. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-62221?
CVE-2025-62221 has a CVSS base score of 7.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending). EchelonGraph synthesises a secondary CVSS source + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-62221?
CVE-2025-62221 affects Microsoft Windows.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-62221?
A fix for CVE-2025-62221 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-62221 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-62221

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