CVE-2025-57801

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2025-08-22. NVD baseline CVSS 9.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-25624 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj (GitHub Security Advisories) · GO-2025-3912 (OSV.dev)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

gnark is a zero-knowledge proof system framework. In versions prior to 0.14.0, the Verify function in eddsa.go and ecdsa.go used the S value from a signature without asserting that 0 ≤ S < order, leading to a signature malleability vulnerability. Because gnark’s native EdDSA and ECDSA circuits lack essential constraints, multiple distinct witnesses can satisfy the same public inputs. In protocols where nullifiers or anti-replay checks are derived from R and S, this enables signature malleability and may allow double spending. This issue has been addressed in version 0.14.0.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
57
EG Risk 57/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity91% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
13th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.1 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 22, 2025

Last Modified

September 12, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Aug 1, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Signature malleability in gnark EdDSA and ECDSA due to missing scalar checks · Advisory · Consensys/gnark · GitHub

https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/security/advisories/GHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 0ba6730f0553 (Consensys/gnark)

Patch available: Consensys/gnark v0.14.0 (contains commit 0ba6730f0553)

https://github.com/Consensys/gnark/commit/0ba6730f05537a351517998add89a61a0d82716e

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-57801(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
gogithub.com/consensys/gnark @ 0.14.0 (fixes < 0.14.0)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
github.com/consensys/gnark—
  • every version up to 0.14.0: fixed in 0.14.0
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 256 rows on record for this CVE, as 98 entries (2 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 156 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 22:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-12 22:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  4. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 13th percentile
  5. 2026-11-11 21:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-11 21:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  7. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  8. 2026-11-10 20:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-10 20:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  10. 2026-11-10 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  11. 2026-11-09 19:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-09 19:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  13. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  14. 2026-11-08 18:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-08 18:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  16. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  17. 2026-11-07 18:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-07 18:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  19. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  20. 2026-11-06 17:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-06 17:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  22. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  23. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  24. 2026-11-05 16:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-05 16:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-11-05 16:25 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  3. 2026-11-04 15:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-04 15:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  5. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  6. 2026-11-03 14:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-03 14:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  8. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  9. 2026-11-02 14:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-02 14:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  11. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  12. 2026-11-01 13:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  13. 2026-11-01 08:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-95v9-hv42-pwrj · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  14. 2026-11-01 08:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  16. 2026-10-31 12:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  18. 2026-10-30 11:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  20. 2026-10-29 11:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  22. 2026-10-28 10:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  24. 2026-10-27 08:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  26. 2026-10-26 05:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  28. 2026-10-25 16:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-25 04:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 11th percentile
  31. 2026-10-24 03:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  33. 2026-10-23 03:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  35. 2026-10-22 02:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  37. 2026-10-21 01:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  39. 2026-10-20 00:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  41. 2026-10-18 23:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  43. 2026-10-18 05:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-17 22:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  46. 2026-10-16 22:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-16 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  48. 2026-10-15 18:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  50. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  51. 2026-10-14 12:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-13 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  53. 2026-10-12 16:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  55. 2026-10-11 20:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-11 18:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-11 15:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  59. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  60. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  61. 2026-10-08 17:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  62. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  63. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  64. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  65. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  66. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  67. 2026-10-02 06:11 UTCOSV refresh
  68. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  69. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  70. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  71. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  72. 2026-09-26 00:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile
  73. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 10th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-57801?
CVE-2025-57801 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 22, 2025. gnark is a zero-knowledge proof system framework. In versions prior to 0.14.0, the Verify function in eddsa.go and ecdsa.go used the S value from a signature without asserting that 0 ≤ S < order, leading to a signature malleability vulnerability. Because gnark’s native EdDSA and ECDSA circuits lack…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-57801 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-57801 was published on August 22, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 12, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-57801 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-57801 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (13th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-57801?
CVE-2025-57801 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-57801?
A fix for CVE-2025-57801 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-57801 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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