CVE-2025-53391

CRITICALNVD 9.39.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.3 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2025-06-29. NVD baseline CVSS 9.3; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-19461 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 9.3Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The Debian zuluPolkit/CMakeLists.txt file for zuluCrypt through the zulucrypt_6.2.0-1 package has insecure PolicyKit allow_any/allow_inactive/allow_active settings that allow a local user to escalate their privileges to root.

CVSS v3
9.3
EG Score
9.3CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
58
EG Risk 58/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity93% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
6th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.3 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 28, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
Patch available.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

#1108288 - CVE-2025-53391: Local privilege escalation via zuluPolkit, caused by Debian patch - Debian Bug report logs

https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1108288
Web page

debian/patches/fix_zulupolkit_policy.patch · 9d661c9f384c4d889d3387944e14ac70cfb9684b · Debian / zulucrypt · GitLab

https://salsa.debian.org/debian/zulucrypt/-/blob/9d661c9f384c4d889d3387944e14ac70cfb9684b/debian/patches/fix_zulupolkit_policy.patch
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

#1108288 - CVE-2025-53391: Local privilege escalation via zuluPolkit, caused by Debian patch - Debian Bug report logs

https://bugs.debian.org/1108288

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntuzulusafe-cli (6.2.0-1ubuntu3+esm1) @ noble2026-11-12ubuntu

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
zulucrypt5.7.1-2, 6.2.0-1
  • every version on: no fix on record
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(1)

Every vendor that published an advisory referencing this CVE — pulled from our cve_vendor_advisories aggregation. Click any row for the vendor's original advisory page.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 17× in last 7d / 76× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 316 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 216 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 04:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 04:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  3. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 05:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 05:47 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-12 05:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  7. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  8. 2026-11-11 07:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-11 07:18 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-11 07:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  11. 2026-11-10 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  12. 2026-11-10 08:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-10 08:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  14. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  15. 2026-11-09 10:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-09 10:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  17. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  18. 2026-11-08 11:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-08 11:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  20. 2026-11-07 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  21. 2026-11-07 13:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-07 13:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  23. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  24. 2026-11-06 14:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-06 14:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 16:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  3. 2026-11-05 14:55 UTCOSV refresh
  4. 2026-11-04 17:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-04 17:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  6. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  7. 2026-11-03 19:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-03 19:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  9. 2026-11-03 16:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  10. 2026-11-02 20:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-02 20:46 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-11-02 20:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  13. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  14. 2026-11-01 22:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-01 22:17 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-11-01 22:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  17. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  18. 2026-10-31 23:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-31 23:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  20. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  21. 2026-10-31 01:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-31 01:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  23. 2026-10-30 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  24. 2026-10-30 02:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-30 02:51 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-30 02:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  27. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  28. 2026-10-29 04:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-29 04:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  30. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  31. 2026-10-28 05:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-28 05:50 UTCVendor advisory
  33. 2026-10-28 05:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  34. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  35. 2026-10-27 07:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-27 07:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  37. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  38. 2026-10-26 05:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-26 05:52 UTCVendor advisory
  40. 2026-10-26 05:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  41. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  42. 2026-10-25 16:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-25 07:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-25 07:24 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-25 07:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  46. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  47. 2026-10-24 08:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-24 08:55 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-10-24 08:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  50. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  51. 2026-10-23 10:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-23 10:26 UTCVendor advisory
  53. 2026-10-23 10:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  54. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  55. 2026-10-22 11:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-22 11:56 UTCVendor advisory
  57. 2026-10-22 11:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  58. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  59. 2026-10-21 13:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  60. 2026-10-21 13:28 UTCVendor advisory
  61. 2026-10-21 13:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  62. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  63. 2026-10-20 14:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  64. 2026-10-20 14:59 UTCVendor advisory
  65. 2026-10-20 14:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  66. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  67. 2026-10-19 14:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-19 14:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  69. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 6th percentile
  70. 2026-10-18 16:18 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-10-18 16:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3
  72. 2026-10-18 05:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  73. 2026-10-17 17:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-17 17:48 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-10-17 17:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-33qm-768m-wx8p · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.3

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-53391?
CVE-2025-53391 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 28, 2025. The Debian zuluPolkit/CMakeLists.txt file for zuluCrypt through the zulucrypt_6.2.0-1 package has insecure PolicyKit allow_any/allow_inactive/allow_active settings that allow a local user to escalate their privileges to root.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-53391 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-53391 was published on June 28, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-53391 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-53391 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (6th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-53391?
CVE-2025-53391 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-53391?
A fix for CVE-2025-53391 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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