CVE-2025-48947

HIGHNVD 7.77.7
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This high-severity CVE scores 7.7 under NVD CVSS. EPSS exploit probability: 0.4% (38th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS

Also known asEUVD-2025-16914 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-f3fg-mf2q-fj3f (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

7.7EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.4%CVSS: 7.7Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

The Auth0 Next.js SDK is a library for implementing user authentication in Next.js applications. In Auth0 Next.js SDK versions 4.0.1 through 4.6.0, __session cookies set by auth0.middleware may be cached by CDNs due to missing Cache-Control headers. Three preconditions must be met in order for someone to be affected by the vulnerability: Applications using the NextJS-Auth0 SDK, versions between 4.0.1 to 4.6.0, applications using CDN or edge caching that caches responses with the Set-Cookie header, and if the Cache-Control header is not properly set for sensitive responses. Users should upgrade auth0/nextjs-auth0 to v4.6.1 to receive a patch.

CVSS
7.7
EG Score
7.7HIGHmedium confidence
EG Risk
35
EG Risk 35/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity77% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 7.7 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.4% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.4%
EPSS %ILE
38th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (7.7): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 7.7 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
7.7 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-11). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 4, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Oct 25, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

CDN Caching of Session Cookies in NextJS-Auth0 SDK · Advisory · auth0/nextjs-auth0 · GitHub

https://github.com/auth0/nextjs-auth0/security/advisories/GHSA-f3fg-mf2q-fj3f

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-48947(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
npm@auth0/nextjs-auth0 @ 4.6.1 (fixes >= 4.0.1, <= 4.6.0)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
npm(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
@auth0/nextjs-auth0—
  • 4.0.1 up to 4.6.1: fixed in 4.6.1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 8× in last 7d / 33× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 259 rows on record for this CVE, as 95 entries (5 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 5 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 159 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  2. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-11 16:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f3fg-mf2q-fj3f · GitHub severity HIGH
  4. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  5. 2026-11-10 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  6. 2026-11-09 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  7. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  8. 2026-11-07 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  9. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 38th percentile
  10. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  11. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  12. 2026-11-04 04:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-04 04:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f3fg-mf2q-fj3f · GitHub severity HIGH
  14. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  15. 2026-11-02 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  16. 2026-11-01 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  17. 2026-11-01 08:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-f3fg-mf2q-fj3f · GitHub severity HIGH
  18. 2026-11-01 08:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  20. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  21. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  22. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  23. 2026-10-27 17:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  25. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
Show 70 more
  1. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  2. 2026-10-25 16:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  4. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  5. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  6. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  7. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  8. 2026-10-19 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  9. 2026-10-18 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  10. 2026-10-18 05:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  12. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  13. 2026-10-15 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  14. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  15. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  16. 2026-10-12 17:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  18. 2026-10-11 20:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-11 18:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-11 15:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  22. 2026-10-10 20:33 UTCOSV refresh
  23. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  24. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  25. 2026-10-08 17:10 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  26. 2026-10-07 23:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  27. 2026-10-06 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  28. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  29. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  30. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  31. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  32. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  33. 2026-09-28 13:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  34. 2026-09-27 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  35. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  36. 2026-09-26 00:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 35th percentile
  37. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  38. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  39. 2026-09-21 21:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  40. 2026-09-21 08:19 UTCOSV refresh
  41. 2026-09-20 20:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  42. 2026-09-18 19:27 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 37th percentile
  43. 2026-09-17 19:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  44. 2026-09-16 14:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  45. 2026-09-15 03:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  46. 2026-09-12 15:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  47. 2026-09-11 14:52 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  48. 2026-09-11 09:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  49. 2026-09-10 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  50. 2026-09-08 21:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  51. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  52. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  53. 2026-09-05 15:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 36th percentile
  54. 2026-09-04 05:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  55. 2026-09-02 14:11 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  56. 2026-09-02 06:14 UTCOSV refresh
  57. 2026-09-01 13:53 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  58. 2026-09-01 04:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  59. 2026-08-30 19:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  60. 2026-08-30 01:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  61. 2026-08-28 21:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  62. 2026-08-27 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  63. 2026-08-26 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  64. 2026-08-25 13:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 34th percentile
  65. 2026-08-24 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 30th percentile
  66. 2026-08-24 09:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  67. 2026-08-23 00:18 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  68. 2026-08-21 23:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  69. 2026-08-20 22:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile
  70. 2026-08-19 17:03 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.4% · 31st percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-48947?
CVE-2025-48947 is a high-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 4, 2025. The Auth0 Next.js SDK is a library for implementing user authentication in Next.js applications. In Auth0 Next.js SDK versions 4.0.1 through 4.6.0, __session cookies set by auth0.middleware may be cached by CDNs due to missing Cache-Control headers. Three preconditions must be met in order for…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-48947 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-48947 was published on June 4, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-48947 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-48947 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (38th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-48947?
CVE-2025-48947 has a CVSS base score of 7.7 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-48947?
A fix for CVE-2025-48947 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-48947 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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