CVE-2025-41709

CRITICALPre-NVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to the CVSS score beside it.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2026-03-10. A secondary CVSS source baseline 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, a secondary CVSS source

Also known asEUVD-2025-208465 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo fix is confirmed yet: check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2.4%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

The CVE record's CNA (CERT@VDE) lists Janitza UMG 96RM-E 24V(5222063) versions up to and including 3.13; Janitza UMG 96RM-E 230V(5222062) versions up to and including 3.13; Weidmueller ENERGY METER 750-230 (2540910000) versions up to and including 3.13 as affected, and 1 more product. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection via Modbus-TCP or Modbus-RTU to gain read and write access on the affected device.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
60
EG Risk 60/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation2.5% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
2.4%
EPSS %ILE
84th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
2.4% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

March 10, 2026

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026
No fix on record yet.
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

Weidmueller: Multiple vulnerabilities in Energy Meter 750-24 and Energy Meter 750-230

https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2025-096/
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

Janitza: Multiple vulnerabilities in UMG 96RM-E

https://certvde.com/en/advisories/VDE-2025-079/

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 13× in last 7d / 54× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 199 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 99 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:50 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  2. 2026-11-12 20:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-12 20:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  5. 2026-11-11 18:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-11 18:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  8. 2026-11-10 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  9. 2026-11-10 16:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-10 16:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-11-09 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  12. 2026-11-09 13:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-09 13:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  14. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  15. 2026-11-08 11:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-08 11:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  17. 2026-11-07 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  18. 2026-11-07 09:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-07 09:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  21. 2026-11-06 06:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-06 06:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.4% · 84th percentile
  24. 2026-11-05 04:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-05 04:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  2. 2026-11-04 01:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-04 01:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  5. 2026-11-02 23:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-02 23:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-01 21:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-01 21:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-10-31 18:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-31 18:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  12. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-10-30 16:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  14. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  15. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  16. 2026-10-29 14:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-29 14:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  19. 2026-10-28 11:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-28 11:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  22. 2026-10-27 09:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-27 09:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-10-26 07:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-26 07:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  26. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  27. 2026-10-25 16:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-25 04:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-25 04:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  30. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  31. 2026-10-24 02:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-24 02:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  33. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  34. 2026-10-23 00:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-23 00:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  36. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  37. 2026-10-21 21:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-21 21:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  39. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  40. 2026-10-20 19:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-20 19:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  42. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  43. 2026-10-19 16:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-19 16:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  45. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  46. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  47. 2026-10-18 14:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  48. 2026-10-18 05:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  50. 2026-10-17 12:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-17 12:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  52. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  53. 2026-10-16 09:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-16 09:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  55. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  56. 2026-10-15 07:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-15 07:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  58. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 82nd percentile
  59. 2026-10-14 03:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  60. 2026-10-14 03:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  61. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  62. 2026-10-12 23:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  63. 2026-10-12 17:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  64. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  65. 2026-10-12 11:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-m52f-gv7x-52q8 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  66. 2026-10-11 20:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  67. 2026-10-11 18:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-11 15:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  70. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  71. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  72. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  73. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  74. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile
  75. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.2% · 81st percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-41709?
CVE-2025-41709 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 10, 2026. An unauthenticated remote attacker can perform a command injection via Modbus-TCP or Modbus-RTU to gain read and write access on the affected device.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-41709 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-41709 was published on March 10, 2026. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-41709 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-41709 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2.4% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (84th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-41709?
CVE-2025-41709 has a CVSS base score of 9.8 (a secondary CVSS source that NVD displays; NVD's own analysis pending).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-41709?
No fix for CVE-2025-41709 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch for a fix. The CVE record's CNA (CERT@VDE) lists Janitza UMG 96RM-E 24V(5222063) versions up to and including 3.13; Janitza UMG 96RM-E 230V(5222062) versions up to and including 3.13; Weidmueller ENERGY METER 750-230 (2540910000) versions up to and including 3.13 as affected, and 1 more product. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

Dependency Blast Radius

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