CVE-2025-3651

CRITICALNVD 9.39.3
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 9.3 under NVD CVSS. EPSS exploit probability: 0.3% (21st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). No GitHub Security Advisory CVSS is on record for this CVE.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS
Sources: EPSS, NVD CVSS

Also known asEUVD-2025-11474 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.3EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo fix is confirmed yet: check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.3%CVSS: 9.3Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

The CVE record's CNA (iManage LLC) lists iManage Work Desktop for Mac versions before 10.8.2.33 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel in Work Desktop for Mac versions 10.8.1.46 and earlier

allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unauthorized access to the Agent service. 

This has been remediated in Work Desktop for Mac version 10.8.2.33.

CVSS
9.3
EG Score
9.3CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
42
EG Risk 42/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity93% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.3 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.3% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule.
EPSS PROB
0.3%
EPSS %ILE
21st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.3): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.3 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.3 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.3% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

No fix is confirmed yet. Check with the vendor for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system on your normal schedule.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says. In the directive's words, “Fix on system upgrade” means that, “unless conditions change”, the vulnerability “should be remediated the next time the vulnerable asset receives a scheduled major upgrade or rebuild”: its timelines are “dynamic as facts change”, and a KEV listing shortens them.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 17, 2025

Last Modified

April 15, 2026

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Sep 15, 2026
No fix on record yet.

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 62× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 290 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 190 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  2. 2026-11-13 14:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  3. 2026-11-12 16:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-12 16:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  5. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  6. 2026-11-11 18:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-11 18:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  8. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  9. 2026-11-10 20:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-10 20:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  11. 2026-11-10 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 21st percentile
  12. 2026-11-09 22:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-09 22:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  14. 2026-11-09 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  15. 2026-11-08 23:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-11-08 23:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  17. 2026-11-08 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  18. 2026-11-08 01:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-08 01:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  20. 2026-11-07 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  21. 2026-11-07 03:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-07 03:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  23. 2026-11-06 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  24. 2026-11-06 05:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-06 05:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  2. 2026-11-05 07:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-05 07:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  4. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  5. 2026-11-04 09:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-04 09:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  7. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  8. 2026-11-03 11:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-03 11:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  10. 2026-11-02 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  11. 2026-11-02 13:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-02 13:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  13. 2026-11-01 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  14. 2026-11-01 14:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  15. 2026-10-31 16:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-31 16:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  17. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  18. 2026-10-30 18:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-30 18:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  20. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  21. 2026-10-29 20:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-29 20:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  23. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  24. 2026-10-28 22:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-28 22:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  26. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  27. 2026-10-28 00:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-28 00:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  29. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  30. 2026-10-27 01:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-27 01:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  32. 2026-10-26 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  33. 2026-10-25 23:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  34. 2026-10-25 16:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 20th percentile
  36. 2026-10-25 01:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-25 01:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  38. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  39. 2026-10-24 03:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-24 03:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  41. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  42. 2026-10-23 05:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-23 05:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  44. 2026-10-22 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  45. 2026-10-22 07:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-22 07:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  47. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  48. 2026-10-21 09:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-21 09:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  50. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  51. 2026-10-20 11:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-20 11:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  53. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 19th percentile
  54. 2026-10-19 12:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-19 12:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  56. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  57. 2026-10-18 11:27 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  58. 2026-10-18 05:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-17 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  60. 2026-10-17 13:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-17 13:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  62. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  63. 2026-10-16 15:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  64. 2026-10-15 17:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-15 17:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  66. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  67. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  68. 2026-10-14 11:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-14 11:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  70. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  71. 2026-10-13 09:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  72. 2026-10-12 17:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  73. 2026-10-12 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.3% · 18th percentile
  74. 2026-10-12 11:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-cwh3-jw96-rmr6 · GitHub severity CRITICAL
  75. 2026-10-11 20:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-3651?
CVE-2025-3651 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 17, 2025. Improper Verification of Source of a Communication Channel in Work Desktop for Mac versions 10.8.1.46 and earlier allows attackers to execute arbitrary commands via unauthorized access to the Agent service. This has been remediated in Work Desktop for Mac version 10.8.2.33.
When was CVE-2025-3651 made public?
CVE-2025-3651 was made public on April 17, 2025: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, iManage LLC, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on April 17, 2025. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 15, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-3651 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-3651 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.3% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (21st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-3651?
CVE-2025-3651 has a CVSS base score of 9.3 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-3651?
No fix for CVE-2025-3651 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch for a fix. The CVE record's CNA (iManage LLC) lists iManage Work Desktop for Mac versions before 10.8.2.33 as affected. No release containing a fix is confirmed on record.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-3651

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-3651?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.