CVE-2025-31201

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.8 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-04-17), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 15%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · epss top5pctExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this issue may have been exploited in an extremely sophisticated attack against specific targeted individuals on iOS.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(high)
EG Risk
99(Act)
EG Risk 99/100SSVC: Act

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Fix now — active exploitation, automatable, high impact.
EPSS PROB
15%
EPSS %ILE
96%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

April 16, 2025

Last Modified

April 3, 2026

Advisory Details (9)

Auto-updated May 18, 2026
No patch confirmed yet.
generic

Full Disclosure: Re: [FD] Full Disclosure: CVE-2025-31200 & CVE-2025-31201 – 0-Click iMessage Chain → Secure Enclave Key Theft, Wormable RCE, Crypto Theft

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/4
generic

Full Disclosure: Re: Full Disclosure: CVE-2025-31200 & CVE-2025-31201 – 0-Click iMessage Chain → Secure Enclave Key Theft, Wormable RCE, Crypto Theft

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/3
generic

Full Disclosure: Re: [FD] Full Disclosure: CVE-2025-31200 & CVE-2025-31201 – 0-Click iMessage Chain → Secure Enclave Key Theft, Wormable RCE, Crypto Theft

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Oct/0
generic

Full Disclosure: Full Disclosure: CVE-2025-31200 & CVE-2025-31201 – 0-Click iMessage Chain → Secure Enclave Key Theft, Wormable RCE, Crypto Theft

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Jun/14
generic

Full Disclosure: APPLE-SA-04-16-2025-4 visionOS 2.4.1

http://seclists.org/fulldisclosure/2025/Apr/26
generic

About the security content of visionOS 2.4.1 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122402
generic

About the security content of tvOS 18.4.1 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122401
generic

About the security content of macOS Sequoia 15.4.1 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122400
generic

About the security content of iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1 - Apple Support

https://support.apple.com/en-us/122282

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 44× in last 7d / 232× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 511 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-27 07:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-27 03:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-27 00:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-26 20:26 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-07-26 16:43 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-07-26 16:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-26 14:53 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-26 13:00 UTCEG score recompute
  9. 2026-07-26 12:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-07-26 09:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-26 05:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-26 01:48 UTCEG score recompute
  13. 2026-07-26 01:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-25 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  15. 2026-07-24 14:17 UTCEPSS rescore
  16. 2026-07-23 02:53 UTCEG score recompute
  17. 2026-07-22 22:39 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-07-22 22:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  20. 2026-07-22 18:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-22 15:12 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-07-22 15:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  24. 2026-07-22 14:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  25. 2026-07-22 11:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-22 07:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-22 04:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-22 00:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-21 20:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-07-21 16:52 UTCEG score recompute
  6. 2026-07-21 16:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  8. 2026-07-21 15:24 UTCEPSS rescore
  9. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  10. 2026-07-21 13:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-21 09:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-21 05:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-21 01:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-20 22:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-20 18:31 UTCEG score recompute
  16. 2026-07-20 18:31 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-20 17:07 UTCEPSS rescore
  18. 2026-07-20 14:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-20 10:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-20 07:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-20 03:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-07-19 23:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-19 19:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-19 16:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-19 12:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  26. 2026-07-19 08:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-07-19 04:57 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-07-19 04:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-19 02:28 UTCEPSS rescore
  31. 2026-07-19 01:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  32. 2026-07-18 21:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-07-18 17:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  34. 2026-07-18 14:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-07-18 10:20 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-07-18 10:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-18 10:04 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-07-18 06:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-07-18 02:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-07-17 23:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-07-17 19:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-07-17 15:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-07-17 12:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-07-17 08:18 UTCEG score recompute
  46. 2026-07-17 08:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  47. 2026-07-17 04:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-07-17 00:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  49. 2026-07-16 21:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-07-16 17:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  51. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  52. 2026-07-16 17:02 UTCEPSS rescore
  53. 2026-07-16 13:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-07-16 09:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-07-16 06:15 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-07-16 02:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  57. 2026-07-15 22:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-07-15 19:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  59. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-15 16:57 UTCEPSS rescore
  61. 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  62. 2026-07-15 15:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  64. 2026-07-15 11:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-07-15 07:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-07-15 04:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  67. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-15 01:59 UTCEPSS rescore
  69. 2026-07-15 00:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  70. 2026-07-14 20:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-07-14 18:05 UTCCISA KEV update
  72. 2026-07-14 17:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-14 13:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-07-14 09:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-07-14 05:54 UTCGHSA enrichment

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-31201?
CVE-2025-31201 is a critical vulnerability published on April 16, 2025. This issue was addressed by removing the vulnerable code. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.4.1 and iPadOS 18.4.1, macOS Sequoia 15.4.1, tvOS 18.4.1, visionOS 2.4.1. An attacker with arbitrary read and write capability may be able to bypass Pointer Authentication. Apple is aware of a report that this…
When was CVE-2025-31201 disclosed?
CVE-2025-31201 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on April 16, 2025, with the most recent update on April 3, 2026. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2025-31201 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-31201 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on April 17, 2025, affecting Apple Multiple Products. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-31201?
CVE-2025-31201 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-31201?
CVE-2025-31201 affects Apple Multiple Products. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-31201?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2025-31201, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2025-31201

Explore →

Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2025-31201?

EchelonGraph automatically scans your cloud infrastructure and maps CVE exposure using blast radius analysis.

Start Free Scan →Browse All CVEs