CVE-2025-30066

CRITICALNVD 8.69.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2025-03-18), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 8.6 retained for reference. The 9.0 is the floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: this CVE's impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.6 HIGH under GitHub Security Advisory CVSS. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Exploited in the wild

Also known asEUVD-2025-6565 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV) — the reason this is sooner than the SSVC decision on this page at low or medium mission impact
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 72%CVSS: 8.6Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

tj-actions changed-files before 46 allows remote attackers to discover secrets by reading actions logs. (The tags v1 through v45.0.7 were affected on 2025-03-14 and 2025-03-15 because they were modified by a threat actor to point at commit 0e58ed8, which contained malicious updateFeatures code.)

CVSS v3
8.6
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
94
EG Risk 94/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity86% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.6 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation100% × 40%
Fixed at 100% for a CISA KEV listing: EchelonGraph's rule.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Attend at low or medium mission impact; Act at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and as soon as possible at high.
EPSS PROB
72%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
⚠ Exploited

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is the CISA KEV floor for confirmed exploitation, not an impact rating: its impact severity (EG Severity) is CVSS 8.6 HIGH.

EG Severity
8.6 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
72% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
CISA KEV and EG-KEV Tier 1 (exploited in the wild)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Attend at medium mission impactAttend at low or medium mission impact; Act at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Attend at low or medium mission impact; Act at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it sooner than your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and as soon as possible at high.

Exploitation active (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 14 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV yes (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

CISA required action“Apply mitigations as set forth in the CISA instructions linked below. Apply mitigations per vendor instructions, follow applicable BOD 22-01 guidance for cloud services, or discontinue use of the product if mitigations are unavailable.”

Quoted verbatim from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. CISA directs it at US federal civilian executive branch agencies under Binding Operational Directive (BOD) 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on 10 June 2026; it is not EchelonGraph's advice. CISA's notes: https://www.cisa.gov/news-events/alerts/2025/03/18/supply-chain-compromise-third-party-tj-actionschanged-files-cve-2025-30066-and-reviewdogaction · https://github.com/tj-actions/changed-files/blob/45fb12d7a8bedb4da42342e52fe054c6c2c3fd73/README.md?plain=1#L20-L28 · https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-30066

Published

March 15, 2025

Last Modified

September 24, 2026

Advisory Details (10)

Auto-updated Nov 9, 2026
⚠️ Actively exploited (CISA KEV, CISA Vulnrichment). Patch available. Sources: github_pr.
Web page

Aftercare for Users of Versions with Potentially Exposed Secrets · Issue #2477 · tj-actions/changed-files · GitHub

https://github.com/tj-actions/changed-files/issues/2477
Web page

[BUG] Pretty sure this repo got hacked and if you use this it will send your secrets to a hacker · Issue #2464 · tj-actions/changed-files · GitHub

https://github.com/tj-actions/changed-files/issues/2464
Web page

Multiple tags in this action are compromised · Issue #2463 · tj-actions/changed-files · GitHub

https://github.com/tj-actions/changed-files/issues/2463
Web page

changed-files/README.md at 45fb12d7a8bedb4da42342e52fe054c6c2c3fd73 · tj-actions/changed-files · GitHub

https://github.com/tj-actions/changed-files/blob/45fb12d7a8bedb4da42342e52fe054c6c2c3fd73/README.md?plain=1#L20-L28
GitHub pull request Patch Available

fix: Use git to derive changed files instead

Patch available: rackerlabs/genestack release-2025.2.1 (PR #903 merged 2025-03-15)

https://github.com/rackerlabs/genestack/pull/903
Web page

modal-examples is using a compromised tj-actions/changed-files GitHub action (CVE-2025-30066) · Issue #1100 · modal-labs/modal-examples · GitHub

https://github.com/modal-labs/modal-examples/issues/1100
Web page

docs/content/actions/security-for-github-actions/security-guides/security-hardening-for-github-actions.md at 962a1c8dccb8c0f66548b324e5b921b5e4fbc3d6 · github/docs · GitHub

https://github.com/github/docs/blob/962a1c8dccb8c0f66548b324e5b921b5e4fbc3d6/content/actions/security-for-github-actions/security-guides/security-hardening-for-github-actions.md?plain=1#L191-L193
Web page

arduino-esp32 is using a compromised tj-actions/changed-files GitHub action (CVE-2025-30066) · Issue #11127 · espressif/arduino-esp32 · GitHub

https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/issues/11127
GitHub pull request

:bookmark:(deps): Update tj-actions/changed-files digest to 0e58ed8

Fix merged in chains-project/maven-lockfile PR #1111 on 2025-03-14 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/chains-project/maven-lockfile/pull/1111
Web page

Compromised tj-actions/changed-files GitHub Action: A look at publicly leaked secrets

https://blog.gitguardian.com/compromised-tj-actions/

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-30066(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
actionstj-actions/changed-files @ 46.0.1 (fixes <= 45.0.7)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 10× in last 7d / 32× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 306 rows on record for this CVE, as 98 entries (2 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 206 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 03:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 03:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  3. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 03:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 03:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  6. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 03:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-11 03:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  9. 2026-11-10 04:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-10 04:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  11. 2026-11-09 04:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-09 04:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  13. 2026-11-08 04:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-08 04:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  15. 2026-11-07 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-11-07 04:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-07 04:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  18. 2026-11-06 04:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-11-06 04:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  20. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-11-05 11:25 UTCOSV refresh
  22. 2026-11-05 04:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-05 04:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  24. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-11-04 04:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-11-04 04:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  2. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  3. 2026-11-03 05:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-03 05:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  5. 2026-11-02 05:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-02 05:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  7. 2026-11-01 08:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-mrrh-fwg8-r2c3 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.6
  8. 2026-11-01 08:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-01 05:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-10-31 05:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  13. 2026-10-30 05:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-10-29 05:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-28 05:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  17. 2026-10-27 06:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-10-25 16:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-10-25 06:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  23. 2026-10-24 06:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-23 06:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-22 06:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  27. 2026-10-21 07:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  29. 2026-10-20 07:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  31. 2026-10-19 07:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-18 05:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-10-17 07:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-16 07:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  37. 2026-10-15 07:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-10-14 08:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  41. 2026-10-12 17:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-12 00:32 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-11 20:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-11 16:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-11 15:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-10-11 12:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-10 21:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-10-08 02:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  52. 2026-10-06 19:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  54. 2026-10-05 19:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  56. 2026-10-03 16:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  58. 2026-10-01 21:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  59. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  60. 2026-09-28 23:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-09-27 21:51 UTCCISA KEV update
  62. 2026-09-26 16:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  64. 2026-09-26 00:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  66. 2026-09-25 19:35 UTCCISA KEV update
  67. 2026-09-25 14:55 UTCCISA KEV update
  68. 2026-09-24 19:31 UTCCISA KEV update
  69. 2026-09-24 17:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  71. 2026-09-23 14:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  72. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 70% · 99th percentile
  73. 2026-09-22 19:36 UTCCISA KEV update

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2025-30066?
CVE-2025-30066 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on March 15, 2025. tj-actions changed-files before 46 allows remote attackers to discover secrets by reading actions logs. (The tags v1 through v45.0.7 were affected on 2025-03-14 and 2025-03-15 because they were modified by a threat actor to point at commit 0e58ed8, which contained malicious updateFeatures code.)
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-30066 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-30066 was published on March 15, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of September 24, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-30066 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2025-30066 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on March 18, 2025, affecting tj-actions changed-files GitHub Action. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate attention. A fix is available. Apply it.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-30066?
CVE-2025-30066 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.6 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
Which products are affected by CVE-2025-30066?
CVE-2025-30066 affects tj-actions changed-files GitHub Action.
How do I remediate CVE-2025-30066?
A fix for CVE-2025-30066 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-30066 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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