CVE-2025-2828

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

This critical-severity CVE scores 10.0 under NVD CVSS v3. EPSS exploit probability: 21% (97th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs). GitHub Security Advisory CVSS 8.4 is lower than this score; a lower GitHub score revises it only when its advisory is newer than the CVE record's last change, and this advisory (published 2025-06-23) is not newer than that change (2025-07-16), so it does not.

Triggered by: Headline CVSS from NVD CVSS v3
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2025-18953 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr (GitHub Security Advisories) · PYSEC-2025-70 (OSV.dev)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 21%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the RequestsToolkit component of the langchain-community package (specifically, langchain_community.agent_toolkits.openapi.toolkit.RequestsToolkit) in langchain-ai/langchain version 0.0.27. This vulnerability occurs because the toolkit does not enforce restrictions on requests to remote internet addresses, allowing it to also access local addresses. As a result, an attacker could exploit this flaw to perform port scans, access local services, retrieve instance metadata from cloud environments (e.g., Azure, AWS), and interact with servers on the local network. This issue has been fixed in version 0.0.28.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
61
EG Risk 61/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
21%
EPSS %ILE
97th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.NVD CVSS v3 · CVSS v3.0 or v3.1
EG Likelihood
21% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

June 23, 2025

Last Modified

July 16, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Nov 8, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit.
Web page

huntr - The world's first bug bounty platform for AI/ML

https://huntr.com/bounties/8f771040-7f34-420a-b96b-5b93d4a99afc
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit e188d4ecb085 (langchain-ai/langchain)

Patch available: langchain-ai/langchain langchain==1.4.4 (contains commit e188d4ecb085)

https://github.com/langchain-ai/langchain/commit/e188d4ecb085d4561a0be3c583d26aa9c2c3283f

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-2828(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(1)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
piplangchain-community @ 0.0.28 (fixes < 0.0.28)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
PyPI(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
langchain-community0.0.1 ... v0.0.64 (346 versions)
  • every version up to 0.0.28: fixed in 0.0.28
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 231 rows on record for this CVE, as 98 entries (2 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 2 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 131 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 23:33 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-12 23:33 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  3. 2026-11-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 01:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 01:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  6. 2026-11-11 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 02:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-11 02:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  9. 2026-11-10 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  10. 2026-11-10 04:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-10 04:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  12. 2026-11-09 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  13. 2026-11-09 06:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-09 06:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  15. 2026-11-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-11-08 08:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-08 08:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  18. 2026-11-07 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  19. 2026-11-07 09:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-07 09:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  21. 2026-11-06 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-11-06 11:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-06 11:36 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  24. 2026-11-05 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  25. 2026-11-05 13:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 73 more
  1. 2026-11-05 13:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  2. 2026-11-05 10:55 UTCOSV refresh
  3. 2026-11-04 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  4. 2026-11-04 15:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  5. 2026-11-03 16:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-03 16:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  7. 2026-11-03 16:44 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  8. 2026-11-02 18:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-02 18:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  10. 2026-11-01 20:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-01 20:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  12. 2026-11-01 08:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h5gc-rm8j-5gpr · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.4
  13. 2026-11-01 08:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-10-31 21:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-31 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  16. 2026-10-30 23:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  18. 2026-10-30 01:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  20. 2026-10-29 03:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  22. 2026-10-28 04:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-10-27 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  24. 2026-10-27 06:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  26. 2026-10-25 16:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  28. 2026-10-25 06:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-24 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  30. 2026-10-24 08:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-23 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  32. 2026-10-23 10:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-22 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  34. 2026-10-22 11:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-21 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  36. 2026-10-21 13:27 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  38. 2026-10-20 14:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  40. 2026-10-19 14:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-18 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  42. 2026-10-18 05:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-17 18:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-17 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  45. 2026-10-16 19:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-16 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  47. 2026-10-15 17:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  49. 2026-10-14 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  50. 2026-10-14 11:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-13 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  52. 2026-10-12 17:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-12 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  54. 2026-10-11 20:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-11 18:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-11 15:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  58. 2026-10-10 19:59 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  59. 2026-10-09 20:06 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  60. 2026-10-08 17:09 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  61. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  62. 2026-10-06 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  63. 2026-10-05 17:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  64. 2026-10-04 23:21 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  65. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  66. 2026-10-02 10:41 UTCOSV refresh
  67. 2026-10-01 19:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  68. 2026-09-30 15:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  69. 2026-09-29 15:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  70. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  71. 2026-09-26 00:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  72. 2026-09-24 14:02 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 21% · 97th percentile
  73. 2026-09-23 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 18% · 97th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-2828?
CVE-2025-2828 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on June 23, 2025. A Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerability exists in the RequestsToolkit component of the langchain-community package (specifically, langchain_community.agent_toolkits.openapi.toolkit.RequestsToolkit) in langchain-ai/langchain version 0.0.27. This vulnerability occurs because the toolkit…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-2828 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-2828 was published on June 23, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of July 16, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-2828 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-2828 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 21% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (97th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-2828?
CVE-2025-2828 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-2828?
A fix for CVE-2025-2828 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-2828 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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