CVE-2025-22127

MEDIUMNVD 5.55.5
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 5.5 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: MODERATE) published 2025-04-16. NVD baseline CVSS 5.5; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2025-11167 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

5.5EG
EchelonGraph verdictMonitorRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • Lower severity and no public exploit yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 0.2%CVSS: 5.5Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:

f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite()

Jan Prusakowski reported a kernel hang issue as below:

When running xfstests on linux-next kernel (6.14.0-rc3, 6.12) I encountered a problem in generic/475 test where fsstress process gets blocked in __f2fs_write_data_pages() and the test hangs. The options I used are:

MKFS_OPTIONS -- -O compression -O extra_attr -O project_quota -O quota /dev/vdc MOUNT_OPTIONS -- -o acl,user_xattr -o discard,compress_extension=* /dev/vdc /vdc

INFO: task kworker/u8:0:11 blocked for more than 122 seconds. Not tainted 6.14.0-rc3-xfstests-lockdep #1 "echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message. task:kworker/u8:0 state:D stack:0 pid:11 tgid:11 ppid:2 task_flags:0x4208160 flags:0x00004000 Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-253:0) Call Trace: __schedule+0x309/0x8e0 schedule+0x3a/0x100 schedule_preempt_disabled+0x15/0x30 __mutex_lock+0x59a/0xdb0 __f2fs_write_data_pages+0x3ac/0x400 do_writepages+0xe8/0x290 __writeback_single_inode+0x5c/0x360 writeback_sb_inodes+0x22f/0x570 wb_writeback+0xb0/0x410 wb_do_writeback+0x47/0x2f0 wb_workfn+0x5a/0x1c0 process_one_work+0x223/0x5b0 worker_thread+0x1d5/0x3c0 kthread+0xfd/0x230 ret_from_fork+0x31/0x50 ret_from_fork_asm+0x1a/0x30

The root cause is: once generic/475 starts toload error table to dm device, f2fs_prepare_compress_overwrite() will loop reading compressed cluster pages due to IO error, meanwhile it has held .writepages lock, it can block all other writeback tasks.

Let's fix this issue w/ below changes:

  • add f2fs_handle_page_eio() in prepare_compress_overwrite() to
detect IO error.
  • detect cp_error earler in f2fs_read_multi_pages().

CVSS v3
5.5
EG Score
5.5MEDIUMmedium confidence
EG Risk
25
EG Risk 25/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity55% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 5.5 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation0.2% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
0.2%
EPSS %ILE
9th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (5.5): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 5.5 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
5.5 MEDIUMCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
0.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS. FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (no CISA value, KEV listing or exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 16, 2025

Last Modified

October 30, 2026

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Sep 7, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7cd460bd9e7c6e6c30a33982603f65fb5deab1e4
Web page

f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7215cf8ef54bdc9082dffac4662416d54961e258
Web page

f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite() - kernel/git/stable/linux.git - Linux kernel stable tree

https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3147ee567dd9004a49826ddeaf0a4b12865d4409

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2025-22127(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(6)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntulinux-tools-azure (6.14.0-1007.7) @ plucky2026-10-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-tools-oracle-64k (6.14.0-1007.7) @ plucky2026-10-30ubuntu
ubuntulinux-virtual-hwe-24.04-edge (6.14.0-22.22) @ plucky2026-10-30ubuntu
linuxKernel @ 6.12.109 (fixes >=5.6.0)—osv
linuxKernel @ 6.14.2 (fixes >=5.6.0)—osv
linuxKernel @ 6.6.160 (fixes >=5.6.0)—osv

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(5 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.1.106-1 ... 7.3~rc7-1~exp1 (371 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
linux-6.126.12.100-1~deb12u1, 6.12.101-1~deb12u1, 6.12.107-1~deb12u1
  • every version up to 6.12.111-1~deb12u1: fixed in 6.12.111-1~deb12u1
—
Debian:11(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux5.10.103-1 ... 7.2~rc5-1~exp1 (496 versions)
  • every version on: no fix on record
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.12.96-1 (35 versions)
  • every version up to 6.12.111-1: fixed in 6.12.111-1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
linux6.12.100-1 ... 6.16~rc7-1~exp1 (64 versions)
  • every version up to 6.16.3-1: fixed in 6.16.3-1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(3)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 7× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 208 rows on record for this CVE, as 97 entries (3 repeats merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 3 repeat rows among the latest 100 are merged into the row they repeat. The 108 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-14 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 9th percentile
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  7. 2026-11-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  8. 2026-11-07 20:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub severity MODERATE · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  9. 2026-11-07 20:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-07 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
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  18. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  19. 2026-10-30 13:32 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-30 13:32 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  21. 2026-10-30 12:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-30 12:31 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-10-30 12:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  24. 2026-10-29 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
  25. 2026-10-29 07:55 UTCOSV refresh
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  1. 2026-10-28 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
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  4. 2026-10-25 16:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-10-25 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.2% · 8th percentile
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  10. 2026-10-21 13:53 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-10-21 13:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  12. 2026-10-21 13:01 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-10-21 13:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  14. 2026-10-21 12:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-21 12:31 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-21 12:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  17. 2026-10-20 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
  18. 2026-10-20 05:25 UTCOSV refresh
  19. 2026-10-19 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
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  21. 2026-10-18 05:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
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  27. 2026-10-12 17:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-11 20:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-11 19:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-11 15:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-11 13:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
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  44. 2026-09-27 07:15 UTCOSV refresh
  45. 2026-09-26 15:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 3rd percentile
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  60. 2026-09-07 16:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-09-07 16:23 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-09-07 16:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  63. 2026-09-07 16:00 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
  64. 2026-09-07 15:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-09-07 15:52 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-09-07 15:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-gj5h-7fq5-56p5 · GitHub CVSS 5.5
  67. 2026-09-06 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 0.1% · 1st percentile
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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2025-22127?
CVE-2025-22127 is a medium-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 16, 2025. In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix potential deadloop in prepare_compress_overwrite() Jan Prusakowski reported a kernel hang issue as below: When running xfstests on linux-next kernel (6.14.0-rc3, 6.12) I encountered a problem in generic/475 test where…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2025-22127 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2025-22127 was published on April 16, 2025. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of October 30, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2025-22127 actively exploited?
CVE-2025-22127 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 0.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (9th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-22127?
CVE-2025-22127 has a CVSS v3 base score of 5.5 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2025-22127?
A fix for CVE-2025-22127 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2025-22127 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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