CVE-2024-31996

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 10.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2024-04-10. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2024-1213 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • CISA's Vulnrichment rates exploitation as PoC; EchelonGraph holds no exploit-code reference for it
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 2.1%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Starting in version 3.0.1 and prior to versions 4.10.19, 15.5.4, and 15.10-rc-1, the HTML escaping of escaping tool that is used in XWiki doesn't escape {, which, when used in certain places, allows XWiki syntax injection and thereby remote code execution. The vulnerability has been fixed in XWiki 14.10.19, 15.5.5, and 15.9 RC1. Apart from upgrading, there is no generic workaround. However, replacing $escapetool.html by $escapetool.xml in XWiki documents fixes the vulnerability. In a standard XWiki installation, the maintainers are only aware of the document Panels.PanelLayoutUpdate that exposes this vulnerability, patching this document is thus a workaround. Any extension could expose this vulnerability and might thus require patching, too.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
76
EG Risk 76/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation40% × 40%
EchelonGraph's fixed weight for EG-KEV Tier 3 (Elevated): a constant, not a probability.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
2.1%
EPSS %ILE
82nd
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
2.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

April 10, 2024

Last Modified

January 9, 2025

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Nov 8, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github, github_commit.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Missing escaping of { in Velocity escapetool allows remote code execution · Advisory · xwiki/xwiki-commons · GitHub

https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-commons/security/advisories/GHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5
GitHub commit

commit ed7ff515a243 (xwiki/xwiki-commons)

Fix landed in xwiki/xwiki-commons commit ed7ff515a243 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-commons/commit/ed7ff515a2436a1c6dcbd0c6ca0c41e434d58915
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit b94142e2a66e (xwiki/xwiki-commons)

Patch available: xwiki/xwiki-commons xwiki-commons-18.3.0 (contains commit b94142e2a66e)

https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-commons/commit/b94142e2a66ec32e89eacab67c3da8d91f5ef93a
GitHub commit

commit b0805160ec7b (xwiki/xwiki-commons)

Fix landed in xwiki/xwiki-commons commit b0805160ec7b — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/xwiki/xwiki-commons/commit/b0805160ec7b01ee12417e79cb384e60ae4817aa
Web page

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https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XWIKI-21438
Web page

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https://jira.xwiki.org/browse/XCOMMONS-2828

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2024-31996(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
mavenorg.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity @ 14.10.19 (fixes >= 3.0.1, < 14.10.19)—ghsa
mavenorg.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity @ 15.5.4 (fixes >= 15.0-rc-1, < 15.5.4)—ghsa
mavenorg.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity @ 15.9-rc-1 (fixes >= 15.6-rc-1, < 15.9-rc-1)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Maven(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity15.6 ... 15.8-rc-1 (6 versions)
  • 3.0.1 up to 14.10.19: fixed in 14.10.19
  • 15.0-rc-1 up to 15.5.4: fixed in 15.5.4
  • 15.6-rc-1 up to 15.9-rc-1: fixed in 15.9-rc-1
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 15× in last 7d / 44× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 271 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 171 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 02:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 02:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  3. 2026-11-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 82nd percentile
  4. 2026-11-12 04:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-12 04:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  6. 2026-11-11 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  7. 2026-11-11 05:39 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-11-11 05:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  9. 2026-11-10 16:38 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  10. 2026-11-10 07:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-10 07:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  12. 2026-11-09 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  13. 2026-11-09 08:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-09 08:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  15. 2026-11-08 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  16. 2026-11-08 10:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-08 10:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  18. 2026-11-07 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  19. 2026-11-07 12:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-07 12:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  21. 2026-11-06 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  22. 2026-11-06 13:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-06 13:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  24. 2026-11-05 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  25. 2026-11-05 15:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-04 23:55 UTCOSV refresh
  2. 2026-11-04 17:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-04 17:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  4. 2026-11-04 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  5. 2026-11-03 18:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-03 18:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  7. 2026-11-03 16:42 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  8. 2026-11-02 20:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-02 20:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  10. 2026-11-02 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  11. 2026-11-01 22:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-01 22:04 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  13. 2026-11-01 08:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-hf43-47q4-fhq5 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  14. 2026-11-01 08:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-31 23:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  17. 2026-10-31 01:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-30 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  19. 2026-10-30 02:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  21. 2026-10-29 04:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  23. 2026-10-28 06:08 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  25. 2026-10-27 07:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-26 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  27. 2026-10-25 17:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  29. 2026-10-25 08:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-24 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  31. 2026-10-24 10:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  32. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  33. 2026-10-23 11:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  35. 2026-10-22 13:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  37. 2026-10-21 14:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  39. 2026-10-19 17:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  41. 2026-10-18 19:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  43. 2026-10-18 07:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-17 20:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-17 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  46. 2026-10-16 22:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  48. 2026-10-15 19:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-15 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  50. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  51. 2026-10-14 12:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  53. 2026-10-12 17:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  55. 2026-10-11 21:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-11 16:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-11 13:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  58. 2026-10-11 13:36 UTCOSV refresh
  59. 2026-10-10 19:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  60. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  61. 2026-10-08 17:07 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  62. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  63. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  64. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  65. 2026-10-04 23:20 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  66. 2026-10-03 14:24 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  67. 2026-10-01 19:48 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  68. 2026-09-30 19:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 81st percentile
  70. 2026-09-29 15:17 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  71. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  72. 2026-09-27 13:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  73. 2026-09-26 15:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  74. 2026-09-26 00:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile
  75. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 2.1% · 80th percentile

Related CVEs(same product + same CWE)

Same product

1 shown

Maven:org.xwiki.commons:xwiki-commons-velocity

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2024-31996?
CVE-2024-31996 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on April 10, 2024. XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform. Starting in version 3.0.1 and prior to versions 4.10.19, 15.5.4, and 15.10-rc-1, the HTML escaping of escaping tool that is used in XWiki doesn't escape {, which, when used in certain places, allows XWiki syntax injection and thereby remote code execution.…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2024-31996 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2024-31996 was published on April 10, 2024. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of January 9, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2024-31996 actively exploited?
CVE-2024-31996 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 2.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (82nd percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2024-31996?
CVE-2024-31996 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2024-31996?
A fix for CVE-2024-31996 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2024-31996 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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