CVE-2023-49070

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2023-12-05. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Weaponized

Also known asEUVD-2023-53092 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 95%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 95%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: Metasploit · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

The CVE record names the fixed release — apply it.

Pre-auth RCE in Apache Ofbiz 18.12.09.

It's due to XML-RPC no longer maintained still present. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 18.12.10.  Users are recommended to upgrade to version 18.12.10

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
82
EG Risk 82/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation95% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's BOD 26-04 default: no one has published Automatable for this CVE, and CISA treats it as “no” for a CVE not in KEV.
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
95%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
95% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

The CVE record names the fixed release. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (exploit code on record) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). EchelonGraph holds no SSVC assessment of this CVE from CISA: none of these inputs is from Vulnrichment. EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA's BOD 26-04 default) · Technical impact total (CISA's BOD 26-04 default). Where an input reads “CISA's BOD 26-04 default”, no one has published it for this CVE, and CISA's implementation guidance says: “If “Automatable” and “Technical Impact” information items about a CVE ID are not available and the CVE ID is not in the KEV Catalog, CISA will treat its values as “no” and “total,” respectively, until CISA or a third party provides metadata about the CVE ID. CISA will always provide the Vulnrichment data for a CVE ID listed in the KEV Catalog.” Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

December 5, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (6)

Auto-updated Nov 1, 2026
Fix named in the CVE record.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 42× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 122 rows on record for this CVE, as 99 entries (1 repeat merged).

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. 1 repeat row among the latest 100 is merged into the row it repeats. The 22 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-12 17:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-12 17:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  4. 2026-11-11 19:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-11 19:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  6. 2026-11-10 21:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-10 21:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-11-10 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  9. 2026-11-09 23:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-09 23:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-11-09 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  12. 2026-11-09 01:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-09 01:31 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  14. 2026-11-08 03:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-08 03:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-07 05:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-07 05:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-11-06 07:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-11-06 07:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  21. 2026-11-05 09:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-05 09:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-11-04 12:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-04 12:00 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-11-03 14:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 74 more
  1. 2026-11-03 14:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  2. 2026-11-02 16:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-01 18:06 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-01 18:06 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  5. 2026-10-31 20:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-10-31 20:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-10-30 22:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  8. 2026-10-30 22:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  9. 2026-10-30 00:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-10-30 00:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-10-29 02:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-10-29 02:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  13. 2026-10-28 04:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-10-28 04:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-10-27 06:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-27 06:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  18. 2026-10-26 04:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  19. 2026-10-25 17:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-25 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  21. 2026-10-25 06:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-25 06:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  23. 2026-10-24 08:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-24 08:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  25. 2026-10-23 10:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-23 10:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  27. 2026-10-22 12:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-22 12:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  29. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  30. 2026-10-21 14:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-21 14:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  32. 2026-10-20 15:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  33. 2026-10-19 17:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-19 17:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  35. 2026-10-18 19:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  36. 2026-10-18 19:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  37. 2026-10-18 07:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-17 21:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-17 21:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  40. 2026-10-16 23:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-16 23:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  42. 2026-10-16 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  43. 2026-10-15 20:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-15 20:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  45. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  46. 2026-10-14 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-10-14 14:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-14 14:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  49. 2026-10-13 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-10-13 14:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-13 14:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  52. 2026-10-12 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  53. 2026-10-12 16:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-12 16:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-9rm6-p86c-42xm · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  55. 2026-10-11 21:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  57. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  58. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  59. 2026-09-30 16:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  60. 2026-09-28 13:49 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  61. 2026-09-22 14:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  62. 2026-09-21 20:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  63. 2026-09-17 19:25 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  64. 2026-09-08 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  65. 2026-09-06 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  66. 2026-09-05 15:26 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  67. 2026-08-30 19:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  68. 2026-08-28 21:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  69. 2026-08-27 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  70. 2026-08-24 14:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  71. 2026-08-16 14:54 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  72. 2026-08-13 21:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  73. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 95% · 99th percentile
  74. 2026-07-23 02:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored

Publicly available exploits

(5 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 3 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly.

  • Metasploitexploit/linux/http/apache_ofbiz_deserialization✓ verified
    Published Aug 17, 2020

    Apache OFBiz XML-RPC Java Deserialization

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCUserConnecting/Exploit-CVE-2023-49070-and-CVE-2023-51467-Apache-OFBiz
    Published Jan 8, 2024

    Authentication Bypass Vulnerability Apache OFBiz < 18.12.10.

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCD0g3-8Bit/OFBiz-Attack
    Published Jan 4, 2024

    A Tool For CVE-2023-49070/CVE-2023-51467 Attack

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCabdoghazy2015/ofbiz-CVE-2023-49070-RCE-POC
    Published Dec 14, 2023
    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2023/CVE-2023-49070.yaml
    Published Dec 7, 2023

    Apache OFBiz < 18.12.10 - Arbitrary Code Execution

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-49070?
CVE-2023-49070 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 5, 2023. Pre-auth RCE in Apache Ofbiz 18.12.09. It's due to XML-RPC no longer maintained still present. This issue affects Apache OFBiz: before 18.12.10. Users are recommended to upgrade to version 18.12.10
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-49070 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-49070 was published on December 5, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-49070 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-49070 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 95% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-49070?
CVE-2023-49070 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-49070?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-49070 names the fix: "Users are recommended to upgrade to version 18.12.10".

Dependency Blast Radius

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