CVE-2023-41360

CRITICALNVD 9.19.1
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.1 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2023-08-29. NVD baseline CVSS 9.1; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2023-45863 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.1EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.2%CVSS: 9.1Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

An issue was discovered in FRRouting FRR through 9.0. bgpd/bgp_packet.c can read the initial byte of the ORF header in an ahead-of-stream situation.

CVSS v3
9.1
EG Score
9.1CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
56
EG Risk 56/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity91% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.1 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.2%
EPSS %ILE
67th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.1): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.1 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.1 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
1.2% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

August 29, 2023

Last Modified

June 17, 2026

Advisory Details (5)

Auto-updated Aug 1, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_pr.
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 38 Update: frr-8.5.3-1.fc38 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/WXR6PIVY4SWO7HDT4EY733H4X32SCPM4/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 39 Update: frr-8.5.3-1.fc39 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/LMJNX44SMJM25JZO7XWHDQCOB4SNJPIE/
Web page

[SECURITY] Fedora 37 Update: frr-8.5.3-1.fc37 - package-announce - Fedora mailing-lists

https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/JLG64IF3FU7V76K4TKCCXVNEE6P2VUDO/
Web pageMentions a patch (unverified)

[SECURITY] [DLA 3573-1] frr security update

https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2023/09/msg00020.html
GitHub pull request

bgpd: Don't read the first byte of ORF header if we are ahead of stream

Fix merged in FRRouting/frr PR #14245 on 2023-08-21 — awaiting tagged release

https://github.com/FRRouting/frr/pull/14245

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-41360(2)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(3)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntufrr-snmp (8.4.2-1ubuntu1.4) @ lunar2026-11-12ubuntu
ubuntuquagga-doc (0.99.24.1-2ubuntu1.4+esm1) @ xenial2026-11-12ubuntu
redhatfrr-0:8.5.3-4.el92024-04-30redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(4 across 4 ecosystems)
Debian:10(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
frr6.0.2-2 ... 7.5.1-1.1 (12 versions)
  • every version up to 7.5.1-1.1+deb10u1: fixed in 7.5.1-1.1+deb10u1
—
Debian:12(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
frr8.4.2-1, 8.4.4-1
  • every version up to 8.4.4-1.1~deb12u1: fixed in 8.4.4-1.1~deb12u1
—
Debian:13(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
frr—
  • every version up to 8.4.4-1.1: fixed in 8.4.4-1.1
—
Debian:14(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
frr—
  • every version up to 8.4.4-1.1: fixed in 8.4.4-1.1
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Additional Vendor Advisories

(2)

Vendors that published advisories for this CVE beyond the curated set above. Broader coverage but minimal per-row detail — click through for the original advisory.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 91× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 334 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 234 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 11:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 11:12 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-13 11:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  4. 2026-11-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 10:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 10:59 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-12 10:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  8. 2026-11-11 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  9. 2026-11-11 10:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-11 10:44 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-11 10:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  12. 2026-11-10 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  13. 2026-11-10 10:30 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-10 10:30 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-10 10:30 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  16. 2026-11-09 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  17. 2026-11-09 10:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-09 10:17 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-09 10:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  20. 2026-11-08 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  21. 2026-11-08 10:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-08 10:02 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-08 10:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  24. 2026-11-07 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  25. 2026-11-07 09:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-07 09:48 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-07 09:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  3. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  4. 2026-11-06 09:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-06 09:35 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-06 09:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  7. 2026-11-05 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  8. 2026-11-05 09:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-05 09:22 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-05 09:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  11. 2026-11-04 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  12. 2026-11-04 15:55 UTCOSV refresh
  13. 2026-11-04 09:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-04 09:09 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-04 09:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  16. 2026-11-03 16:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 67th percentile
  17. 2026-11-03 08:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-03 08:56 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-03 08:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  20. 2026-11-02 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  21. 2026-11-02 08:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-02 08:41 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-02 08:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  24. 2026-11-01 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  25. 2026-11-01 08:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-11-01 08:28 UTCVendor advisory
  27. 2026-11-01 08:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  28. 2026-10-31 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  29. 2026-10-31 08:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  30. 2026-10-31 08:14 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-31 08:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  32. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  33. 2026-10-30 08:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-30 08:01 UTCVendor advisory
  35. 2026-10-30 08:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  36. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  37. 2026-10-29 07:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  38. 2026-10-29 07:48 UTCVendor advisory
  39. 2026-10-29 07:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  40. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  41. 2026-10-28 07:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-28 07:35 UTCVendor advisory
  43. 2026-10-28 07:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  44. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  45. 2026-10-27 07:21 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  46. 2026-10-27 07:21 UTCVendor advisory
  47. 2026-10-27 07:21 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  48. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  49. 2026-10-26 04:08 UTCVendor advisory
  50. 2026-10-26 04:08 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  51. 2026-10-25 17:36 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  52. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  53. 2026-10-25 03:53 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-25 03:53 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-10-25 03:53 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  56. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  57. 2026-10-24 03:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-24 03:40 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-24 03:40 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  60. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  61. 2026-10-23 03:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  62. 2026-10-23 03:26 UTCVendor advisory
  63. 2026-10-23 03:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  64. 2026-10-22 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  65. 2026-10-22 03:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-10-22 03:12 UTCVendor advisory
  67. 2026-10-22 03:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  68. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  69. 2026-10-21 02:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  70. 2026-10-21 02:57 UTCVendor advisory
  71. 2026-10-21 02:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1
  72. 2026-10-20 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.2% · 66th percentile
  73. 2026-10-20 02:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-20 02:44 UTCVendor advisory
  75. 2026-10-20 02:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-8x46-qpq3-2pgp · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.1

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-41360?
CVE-2023-41360 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on August 29, 2023. An issue was discovered in FRRouting FRR through 9.0. bgpd/bgp_packet.c can read the initial byte of the ORF header in an ahead-of-stream situation.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-41360 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-41360 was published on August 29, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of June 17, 2026; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-41360 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-41360 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.2% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (67th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-41360?
CVE-2023-41360 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.1 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-41360?
A fix for CVE-2023-41360 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-41360 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

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