CVE-2023-36035

CRITICALNVD 8.09.0
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

“▲” beside the score: it is higher than NVD's CVSS score.

Score elevated to 9.0 because EPSS predicted 87% probability of exploitation within the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs) when EchelonGraph scored this CVE. NVD baseline CVSS 8.0 retained for reference. Confidence: see factors.

Triggered by: EPSS exploit prediction (continuous uplift above 30%)
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Elevated

Also known asEUVD-2023-40019 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 87%
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 87%CVSS: 8.0Exploit: No code on recordExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Microsoft Exchange Server Spoofing Vulnerability

CVSS v3
8.0
EG Score
9.0CRITICALhigh confidence
EG Risk
71
EG Risk 71/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity80% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 8.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation87% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
87%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.0 is EPSS's lift toward 9.0 from its impact severity (EG Severity, CVSS 8.0 HIGH): a likelihood of exploitation, not impact.

EG Severity
8.0 HIGHCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
87% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Track* at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)14 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

November 14, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Sep 20, 2026
Patch available. Sources: microsoft.
MicrosoftMentions a patch (unverified)

Security Update Guide - Microsoft Security Response Center

https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2023-36035

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-36035(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 12× in last 7d / 60× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 196 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 96 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 09:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 09:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  3. 2026-11-12 09:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-12 09:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  5. 2026-11-11 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-11-11 09:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-11 09:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  8. 2026-11-10 09:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-10 09:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  10. 2026-11-09 09:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  11. 2026-11-09 09:05 UTCVendor advisory
  12. 2026-11-09 09:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  13. 2026-11-08 08:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-08 08:56 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-08 08:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  16. 2026-11-07 08:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-07 08:46 UTCVendor advisory
  18. 2026-11-07 08:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  19. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-11-06 08:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-06 08:37 UTCVendor advisory
  22. 2026-11-06 08:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  23. 2026-11-05 08:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-05 08:28 UTCVendor advisory
  25. 2026-11-05 08:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-04 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  2. 2026-11-04 08:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-04 08:18 UTCVendor advisory
  4. 2026-11-04 08:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  5. 2026-11-03 08:09 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-03 08:09 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-03 08:09 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  8. 2026-11-02 07:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-02 07:57 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-02 07:57 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  11. 2026-11-01 07:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-01 07:47 UTCVendor advisory
  13. 2026-11-01 07:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  14. 2026-10-31 07:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-31 07:37 UTCVendor advisory
  16. 2026-10-31 07:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  17. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  18. 2026-10-30 07:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  19. 2026-10-30 07:28 UTCVendor advisory
  20. 2026-10-30 07:28 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  21. 2026-10-29 07:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-29 07:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  23. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  24. 2026-10-28 07:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-28 07:11 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-10-28 07:11 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  27. 2026-10-27 07:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  28. 2026-10-27 07:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  29. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  30. 2026-10-26 03:44 UTCVendor advisory
  31. 2026-10-26 03:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  32. 2026-10-25 17:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  34. 2026-10-25 03:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-25 03:35 UTCVendor advisory
  36. 2026-10-25 03:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  37. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  38. 2026-10-24 03:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-24 03:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  40. 2026-10-23 03:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-23 03:16 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-23 03:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  43. 2026-10-22 03:05 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  44. 2026-10-22 03:05 UTCVendor advisory
  45. 2026-10-22 03:05 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  46. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  47. 2026-10-21 02:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  48. 2026-10-21 02:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  49. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  50. 2026-10-20 02:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-20 02:43 UTCVendor advisory
  52. 2026-10-20 02:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  53. 2026-10-19 02:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  54. 2026-10-19 02:22 UTCVendor advisory
  55. 2026-10-19 02:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  56. 2026-10-18 07:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-18 02:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-18 02:11 UTCVendor advisory
  59. 2026-10-18 02:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  60. 2026-10-17 01:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-17 01:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  62. 2026-10-16 01:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  63. 2026-10-16 01:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  64. 2026-10-14 21:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-14 21:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  66. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  67. 2026-10-13 17:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  68. 2026-10-13 17:14 UTCVendor advisory
  69. 2026-10-13 17:13 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  70. 2026-10-12 17:01 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  71. 2026-10-12 17:01 UTCVendor advisory
  72. 2026-10-12 17:01 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-j233-pm3q-vxq5 · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 8.0
  73. 2026-10-11 21:50 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  74. 2026-10-07 23:46 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile
  75. 2026-10-05 17:41 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 87% · 99th percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-36035?
CVE-2023-36035 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on November 14, 2023. Microsoft Exchange Server Spoofing Vulnerability
When was CVE-2023-36035 made public?
CVE-2023-36035 was made public on November 14, 2023: that is the date its CVE record's CNA, Microsoft Corporation, gives for when the vulnerability was made public. The CVE record itself was published on November 14, 2023. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-36035 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-36035 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 87% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-36035?
CVE-2023-36035 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.0 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0 (CRITICAL).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-36035?
A fix for CVE-2023-36035 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-36035 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-36035

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