CVE-2023-28461

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8—
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.8 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2024-11-25), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 4 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 68%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · kev ransomware · epss top5pct · epss highExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09 vendor advisory stated "a new Array AG release with the fix will be available soon."

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8(high)
EG Risk
99(Act)
EG Risk 99/100SSVC: Act

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity98% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Fix now — active exploitation, automatable, high impact.
EPSS PROB
68%
EPSS %ILE
99%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

March 15, 2023

Last Modified

November 3, 2025

Advisory Details (1)

Auto-updated Jul 28, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-28461

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 43× in last 7d / 218× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 428 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-28 15:52 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-07-28 15:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-28 15:34 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-28 11:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-28 07:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-28 03:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-07-27 23:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-27 19:24 UTCCISA KEV update
  10. 2026-07-27 19:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-27 17:17 UTCCISA KEV update
  12. 2026-07-27 15:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-27 11:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  14. 2026-07-27 06:55 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-27 02:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-26 22:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-26 18:33 UTCEG score recompute
  18. 2026-07-26 18:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  20. 2026-07-26 14:52 UTCEPSS rescore
  21. 2026-07-26 14:25 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-07-26 14:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-26 10:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-26 06:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-26 01:57 UTCEG score recompute
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-26 01:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-25 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  3. 2026-07-24 14:15 UTCEPSS rescore
  4. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  5. 2026-07-23 14:16 UTCEPSS rescore
  6. 2026-07-23 02:20 UTCEG score recompute
  7. 2026-07-22 23:08 UTCEG score recompute
  8. 2026-07-22 20:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  10. 2026-07-22 16:30 UTCEG score recompute
  11. 2026-07-22 16:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  13. 2026-07-22 14:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  14. 2026-07-22 12:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-22 08:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-22 04:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-22 00:01 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-21 19:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-21 15:46 UTCEG score recompute
  20. 2026-07-21 15:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-21 15:23 UTCEPSS rescore
  22. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  23. 2026-07-21 11:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-21 07:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-21 03:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  26. 2026-07-20 23:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-07-20 19:11 UTCEG score recompute
  28. 2026-07-20 19:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-07-20 17:06 UTCEPSS rescore
  30. 2026-07-20 15:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-07-20 10:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  32. 2026-07-20 06:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-07-20 02:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  34. 2026-07-19 22:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-07-19 18:30 UTCEG score recompute
  36. 2026-07-19 18:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  38. 2026-07-19 14:29 UTCEPSS rescore
  39. 2026-07-19 14:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-07-19 10:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-07-19 06:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  42. 2026-07-19 02:02 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-07-18 21:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-07-18 17:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-07-18 13:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-07-18 09:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  47. 2026-07-18 05:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  48. 2026-07-18 01:18 UTCGHSA enrichment
  49. 2026-07-17 21:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-07-17 17:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  51. 2026-07-17 12:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-07-17 08:50 UTCEG score recompute
  53. 2026-07-17 08:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-07-17 04:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-07-17 00:36 UTCGHSA enrichment
  56. 2026-07-16 20:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  57. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  58. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  59. 2026-07-16 17:01 UTCEPSS rescore
  60. 2026-07-16 16:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  61. 2026-07-16 12:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-07-16 08:06 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-07-16 04:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  64. 2026-07-15 23:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-07-15 19:47 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  67. 2026-07-15 16:56 UTCEPSS rescore
  68. 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  69. 2026-07-15 15:40 UTCGHSA enrichment
  70. 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  71. 2026-07-15 11:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  72. 2026-07-15 07:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-15 03:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-07-14 23:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-07-14 19:04 UTCGHSA enrichment

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Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-28461?
CVE-2023-28461 is a critical vulnerability published on March 15, 2023. Array Networks Array AG Series and vxAG (9.4.0.481 and earlier) allow remote code execution. An attacker can browse the filesystem on the SSL VPN gateway using a flags attribute in an HTTP header without authentication. The product could then be exploited through a vulnerable URL. The 2023-03-09…
When was CVE-2023-28461 disclosed?
CVE-2023-28461 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 15, 2023, with the most recent update on November 3, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-28461 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-28461 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on November 25, 2024, affecting Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-28461?
CVE-2023-28461 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-28461?
CVE-2023-28461 affects Array Networks AG/vxAG ArrayOS. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-28461?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-28461, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

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