CVE-2023-2825

CRITICALNVD 10.010.0
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 10.0 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: HIGH) published 2023-05-26. NVD baseline CVSS 10.0; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3
Weaponized

Also known asEUVD-2023-34276 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

10.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan mitigationNo fix is confirmed yet: check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High exploitation likelihood — EPSS 72%
  • Public exploit code is available (Metasploit, other public proof-of-concept code)
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 72%CVSS: 10.0Exploit: Metasploit · other public PoCExposed services: Not assessed

No fix is confirmed yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for the fix.

An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting only version 16.0.0. An unauthenticated malicious user can use a path traversal vulnerability to read arbitrary files on the server when an attachment exists in a public project nested within at least five groups.

CVSS v3
10.0
EG Score
10.0CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
89
EG Risk 89/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity100% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 10.0 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation72% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.
Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
72%
EPSS %ILE
99th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (10.0): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 10.0 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
10.0 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
72% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track* at medium mission impactTrack at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low, Track* at medium and Attend at high mission impact.

No fix is confirmed yet. Check the vendor's advisory for a fixed release; until one is applied, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation on your normal schedule at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation public PoC (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

No released fix is confirmed on this page, but CISA's timeline does not wait for a fix's release: it starts when an agency identifies the flaw on an asset and updates the CDM Agency and Federal Dashboard, and the directive counts patching, decommissioning the system or another action as remediation. Until a fixed release is applied, mitigate as this page's verdict says.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

May 26, 2023

Last Modified

January 15, 2025

Advisory Details (2)

Auto-updated Nov 8, 2026
No fix on record yet.
Web page

Arbitrary file read in project uploads controller via path traversal (#412371) · Issues · GitLab.org / GitLab · GitLab

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab/-/issues/412371
Web page

2023/CVE-2023-2825.json · master · GitLab.org / GitLab CVE assignments · GitLab

https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/cves/-/blob/master/2023/CVE-2023-2825.json

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-2825(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 11× in last 7d / 48× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 190 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 90 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 02:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 02:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  3. 2026-11-12 01:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-12 01:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  5. 2026-11-11 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  6. 2026-11-10 23:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  7. 2026-11-10 23:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  8. 2026-11-10 16:37 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  9. 2026-11-09 21:48 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-09 21:48 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  11. 2026-11-08 20:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-08 20:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  13. 2026-11-07 18:25 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-07 18:25 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  15. 2026-11-07 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-11-06 16:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-11-06 16:43 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  18. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-11-05 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  20. 2026-11-05 15:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-05 15:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  22. 2026-11-04 13:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  23. 2026-11-04 13:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  24. 2026-11-04 11:55 UTCOSV refresh
  25. 2026-11-03 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-03 11:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-03 11:39 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  3. 2026-11-02 09:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  4. 2026-11-02 09:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  5. 2026-11-01 08:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-01 08:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  7. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  8. 2026-10-31 06:37 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-10-31 06:37 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  10. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  11. 2026-10-30 04:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-10-30 04:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  13. 2026-10-29 03:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-10-29 03:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  15. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  16. 2026-10-28 01:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  17. 2026-10-28 01:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  18. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  19. 2026-10-26 23:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-26 23:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  21. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  22. 2026-10-25 18:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  23. 2026-10-25 17:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  25. 2026-10-24 16:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  26. 2026-10-24 16:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  27. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  28. 2026-10-23 15:03 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-23 15:03 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  30. 2026-10-22 13:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-22 13:20 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  32. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  33. 2026-10-21 11:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  34. 2026-10-21 11:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  35. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  36. 2026-10-20 09:58 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-20 09:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  38. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  39. 2026-10-19 08:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  40. 2026-10-19 08:16 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  41. 2026-10-18 06:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  42. 2026-10-18 06:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  43. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  44. 2026-10-17 04:52 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-17 04:52 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  46. 2026-10-16 03:11 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-16 03:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  48. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  49. 2026-10-14 23:15 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  50. 2026-10-14 23:15 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  51. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  52. 2026-10-13 19:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-13 19:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  54. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  55. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  56. 2026-10-12 17:18 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-x4jh-5c6x-h92v · GitHub severity HIGH · GitHub CVSS 10.0
  57. 2026-10-11 21:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  58. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  59. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  60. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  61. 2026-10-06 15:15 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  62. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  63. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  64. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  65. 2026-09-30 16:20 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  66. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  67. 2026-09-29 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  68. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  69. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  70. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  71. 2026-09-23 11:23 UTCOSV refresh
  72. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  73. 2026-09-16 14:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  74. 2026-09-12 14:58 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile
  75. 2026-09-11 09:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 72% · 99th percentile

Publicly available exploits

(4 references)

Public exploit code is referenced for this CVE (1 Metasploit module, 2 GitHub PoCs), as is 1 Nuclei detection template. A detection template checks whether a system is affected; it is not necessarily exploit code. No fix is confirmed yet, so defenders should restrict or isolate affected systems accordingly until one is published.

  • Metasploitauxiliary/gather/gitlab_authenticated_subgroups_file_read✓ verified
    Published Jun 7, 2023

    GitLab Authenticated File Read

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCGroppoxx/CVE-2023-2825-PoC
    Published May 17, 2026

    PoC for CVE-2023-2825: automated GitLab 16.0.0 arbitrary file read via nested public groups, project upload traversal, reusable upload paths, and clean CLI output.

    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2023/CVE-2023-2825.yaml
    Published May 30, 2023

    GitLab 16.0.0 - Path Traversal

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCOccamsec/CVE-2023-2825
    Published May 25, 2023

    GitLab CVE-2023-2825 PoC. This PoC leverages a path traversal vulnerability to retrieve the /etc/passwd file from a system running GitLab 16.0.0.

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-2825?
CVE-2023-2825 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on May 26, 2023. An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting only version 16.0.0. An unauthenticated malicious user can use a path traversal vulnerability to read arbitrary files on the server when an attachment exists in a public project nested within at least five groups.
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-2825 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-2825 was published on May 26, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of January 15, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-2825 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-2825 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. EchelonGraph's EG-KEV model places it in Tier 2 (Weaponized), which is not evidence of exploitation: a Metasploit module exists for it, and CISA's SSVC data says a public PoC exists and its EPSS is 50% or more. EchelonGraph does not test whether exploit code works. FIRST EPSS estimates a 72% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (99th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-2825?
CVE-2023-2825 has a CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-2825?
No fix for CVE-2023-2825 is confirmed yet. Until one is published, restrict network exposure of the affected system or apply the vendor's mitigation — for example, keep it off the internet or limit it to trusted networks — and watch the vendor's advisory for the fix. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-2825 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-2825

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Is Your Infrastructure Affected by CVE-2023-2825?

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