CVE-2023-25168

CRITICALNVD 9.69.6
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.6 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2023-02-10. NVD baseline CVSS 9.6; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2023-0638 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 (GitHub Security Advisories) · GO-2023-1555 (OSV.dev)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.6EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.0%CVSS: 9.6Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

Wings is Pterodactyl's server control plane. This vulnerability can be used to delete files and directories recursively on the host system. This vulnerability can be combined with GHSA-p8r3-83r8-jwj5 to overwrite files on the host system. In order to use this exploit, an attacker must have an existing "server" allocated and controlled by Wings. This vulnerability has been resolved in version v1.11.4 of Wings, and has been back-ported to the 1.7 release series in v1.7.4. Anyone running v1.11.x should upgrade to v1.11.4 and anyone running v1.7.x should upgrade to v1.7.4. There are no known workarounds for this issue.

CVSS v3
9.6
EG Score
9.6CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
44
EG Risk 44/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity96% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.6 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.0% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability0% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: no (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at every mission impact level.
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.
EPSS PROB
1.0%
EPSS %ILE
61st
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.6): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.6 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.6 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
1.0% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at every mission impact level.CISA BOD 26-04: 60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at every mission impact level.

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)60 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; Fix on system upgrade if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable no (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact partial (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

February 9, 2023

Last Modified

November 21, 2024

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Oct 2, 2026
Patch available. Sources: github_commit, github.
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Improper Link Resolution allowing the creation of files on the host system · Advisory · pterodactyl/wings · GitHub

https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/security/advisories/GHSA-p8r3-83r8-jwj5
GitHub advisoryMentions a patch (unverified)

Improper Link Resolution allowing the deletion of files and directories on the host system · Advisory · pterodactyl/wings · GitHub

https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/security/advisories/GHSA-66p8-j459-rq63
GitHub commit Patch Available

commit 429ac62dba22 (pterodactyl/wings)

Patch available: pterodactyl/wings v1.11.4 (contains commit 429ac62dba22)

https://github.com/pterodactyl/wings/commit/429ac62dba22997a278bc709df5ac00a5a25d83d

Vendor Advisories for CVE-2023-25168(1)

These vendors published their own advisory mentioning this CVE — often with vendor-specific remediation steps + affected product lists not in NVD.

Patch Availability(2)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
gogithub.com/pterodactyl/wings @ 1.7.4 (fixes < 1.7.4)—ghsa
gogithub.com/pterodactyl/wings @ 1.11.4 (fixes >= 1.11.0, < 1.11.4)—ghsa

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(1 across 1 ecosystem)
Go(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
github.com/pterodactyl/wings—
  • every version up to 1.7.4: fixed in 1.7.4
  • 1.11.0 up to 1.11.4: fixed in 1.11.4
—

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 14× in last 7d / 43× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 270 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 170 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 16:43 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  2. 2026-11-13 09:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  3. 2026-11-13 09:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  4. 2026-11-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 08:46 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 08:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  7. 2026-11-11 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  8. 2026-11-11 07:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-11 07:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  10. 2026-11-10 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  11. 2026-11-10 06:34 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-10 06:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  13. 2026-11-09 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  14. 2026-11-09 05:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-11-09 05:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  16. 2026-11-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  17. 2026-11-08 04:24 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-08 04:24 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  19. 2026-11-07 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  20. 2026-11-07 03:12 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  21. 2026-11-07 03:12 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  22. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  23. 2026-11-06 02:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  24. 2026-11-06 02:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  25. 2026-11-05 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-05 01:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-05 01:02 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  3. 2026-11-04 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  4. 2026-11-04 10:55 UTCOSV refresh
  5. 2026-11-03 23:56 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-03 23:56 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  7. 2026-11-03 16:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  8. 2026-11-02 22:51 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-02 22:51 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  10. 2026-11-02 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  11. 2026-11-01 21:45 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  12. 2026-11-01 21:45 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  13. 2026-11-01 08:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-66p8-j459-rq63 · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.6
  14. 2026-11-01 08:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  15. 2026-10-31 20:40 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  16. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  17. 2026-10-30 19:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-10-30 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  19. 2026-10-29 18:13 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  20. 2026-10-29 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  21. 2026-10-28 17:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-10-28 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  23. 2026-10-27 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  24. 2026-10-27 16:02 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  26. 2026-10-25 17:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  27. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  28. 2026-10-25 12:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  30. 2026-10-24 11:49 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  31. 2026-10-23 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  32. 2026-10-23 10:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-22 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 61st percentile
  34. 2026-10-22 09:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  35. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  36. 2026-10-21 08:28 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  38. 2026-10-20 07:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  39. 2026-10-19 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  40. 2026-10-19 06:16 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-18 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  42. 2026-10-18 05:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  43. 2026-10-17 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  44. 2026-10-17 04:04 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-16 16:35 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  46. 2026-10-16 02:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  47. 2026-10-15 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  48. 2026-10-14 23:00 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  49. 2026-10-14 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  50. 2026-10-13 18:42 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-13 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  52. 2026-10-12 17:31 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  54. 2026-10-11 21:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  55. 2026-10-11 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  56. 2026-10-10 19:57 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  57. 2026-10-09 20:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  58. 2026-10-08 17:05 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  59. 2026-10-07 23:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  60. 2026-10-06 15:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  61. 2026-10-05 17:40 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  62. 2026-10-04 23:19 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  63. 2026-10-03 14:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  64. 2026-10-02 16:23 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 60th percentile
  65. 2026-10-01 19:47 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  66. 2026-09-30 16:18 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  67. 2026-09-30 15:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  68. 2026-09-29 15:16 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  69. 2026-09-26 15:55 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  70. 2026-09-26 00:22 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  71. 2026-09-24 14:01 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  72. 2026-09-23 21:41 UTCOSV refresh
  73. 2026-09-23 13:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  74. 2026-09-22 14:45 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile
  75. 2026-09-20 20:14 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.0% · 59th percentile

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Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2023-25168?
CVE-2023-25168 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on February 9, 2023. Wings is Pterodactyl's server control plane. This vulnerability can be used to delete files and directories recursively on the host system. This vulnerability can be combined with GHSA-p8r3-83r8-jwj5 to overwrite files on the host system. In order to use this exploit, an attacker must have an…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2023-25168 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2023-25168 was published on February 9, 2023. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of November 21, 2024; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2023-25168 actively exploited?
CVE-2023-25168 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.0% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (61st percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-25168?
CVE-2023-25168 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.6 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2023-25168?
A fix for CVE-2023-25168 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory. The vendor advisories EchelonGraph has for CVE-2023-25168 are linked in the Vendor Advisories panel on this page.

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