CVE-2023-1389

CRITICALNVD 8.89.0▲
EchelonGraph scoreHIGH confidence

Score elevated to 9.0 because this CVE is listed on the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog (added 2023-05-01), indicating real-world exploitation has been confirmed by US federal agencies. NVD baseline CVSS 8.8 retained for reference. Confidence: HIGH.

Triggered by: CISA KEV (actively exploited)
Sources: cisa_kev, epss, ghsa, nvd
Trending — 3 sources updated this weekExploited in the wild
9.0EG
EchelonGraph verdictPatch nowTreat as an emergency — this is being exploited.
  • Actively exploited in the wild (CISA-KEV)
CISA-KEV: ExploitedEPSS PROB: 100%CVSS: 8.8Exploit: cisa kev · ssvc active · epss top5pct · epss high · public exploitExposed: 0

No vendor fix yet — apply a workaround or compensating control (WAF / firewall / segmentation) and watch for a patch.

TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) firmware versions before 1.1.4 Build 20230219 contained a command injection vulnerability in the country form of the /cgi-bin/luci;stok=/locale endpoint on the web management interface. Specifically, the country parameter of the write operation was not sanitized before being used in a call to popen(), allowing an unauthenticated attacker to inject commands, which would be run as root, with a simple POST request.

CVSS v3
8.8
EG Score
9.0(high)
EG Risk
96(Act)
EG Risk 96/100SSVC: Act

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score: it fuses intrinsic severity with real-world exploitation and automatability so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner. Distinct from the 0–10 EG Score (severity).

How it’s computed
Severity90% × 45%
Exploitation100% × 40%
Automatability100% × 15%
Action: Fix now — active exploitation, automatable, high impact.
EPSS PROB
100%
EPSS %ILE
100%
KEV
⚠ Exploited

Published

March 15, 2023

Last Modified

November 3, 2025

Advisory Details (3)

Auto-updated Jun 1, 2026
⚠️ Active exploitation confirmed. Patch available. Sources: cisa.
cisa Patch Available🔴 Active Exploitation

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA

Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog | CISA. Listed in CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog.

https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2023-1389
generic🟡 PoC Available

Unauthenticated Command Injection in TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) - Research Advisory | Tenable®

https://www.tenable.com/security/research/tra-2023-11
generic

Packet Storm

http://packetstormsecurity.com/files/174131/TP-Link-Archer-AX21-Command-Injection.html

Weakness Classification(1)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 32× in last 7d / 195× in last 30d)

Each row is a source pipeline that fetched or updated this CVE on that date, with what changed. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed it from the CNA feed. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 417 total refreshes for this CVE.

  1. 2026-07-29 07:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  2. 2026-07-29 03:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  3. 2026-07-29 00:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-28 20:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  5. 2026-07-28 16:38 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-28 12:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-28 09:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-07-28 05:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-28 01:51 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-07-27 22:10 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-27 19:24 UTCCISA KEV update
  12. 2026-07-27 18:29 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-27 17:17 UTCCISA KEV update
  14. 2026-07-27 14:49 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-27 11:08 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-27 07:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-27 03:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-27 00:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-26 20:22 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-26 16:42 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-26 12:59 UTCEG score recompute
  22. 2026-07-26 12:59 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-26 09:20 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-26 05:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-26 01:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-07-23 02:17 UTCEG score recompute
  2. 2026-07-22 22:13 UTCEG score recompute
  3. 2026-07-22 22:13 UTCGHSA enrichment
  4. 2026-07-22 19:40 UTCCISA KEV update
  5. 2026-07-22 18:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  6. 2026-07-22 14:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  7. 2026-07-22 11:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
  8. 2026-07-22 07:27 UTCGHSA enrichment
  9. 2026-07-22 03:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  10. 2026-07-22 00:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  11. 2026-07-21 20:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  12. 2026-07-21 16:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  13. 2026-07-21 14:37 UTCCISA KEV update
  14. 2026-07-21 13:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  15. 2026-07-21 09:21 UTCGHSA enrichment
  16. 2026-07-21 05:41 UTCGHSA enrichment
  17. 2026-07-21 02:00 UTCGHSA enrichment
  18. 2026-07-20 22:19 UTCGHSA enrichment
  19. 2026-07-20 18:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  20. 2026-07-20 14:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  21. 2026-07-20 11:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  22. 2026-07-20 07:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  23. 2026-07-20 03:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  24. 2026-07-20 00:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  25. 2026-07-19 20:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  26. 2026-07-19 16:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  27. 2026-07-19 13:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  28. 2026-07-19 09:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  29. 2026-07-19 05:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  30. 2026-07-19 02:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  31. 2026-07-18 22:34 UTCGHSA enrichment
  32. 2026-07-18 18:54 UTCGHSA enrichment
  33. 2026-07-18 15:14 UTCGHSA enrichment
  34. 2026-07-18 11:33 UTCGHSA enrichment
  35. 2026-07-18 07:53 UTCGHSA enrichment
  36. 2026-07-18 04:12 UTCGHSA enrichment
  37. 2026-07-18 00:32 UTCGHSA enrichment
  38. 2026-07-17 20:52 UTCGHSA enrichment
  39. 2026-07-17 17:11 UTCGHSA enrichment
  40. 2026-07-17 13:30 UTCGHSA enrichment
  41. 2026-07-17 09:50 UTCEG score recompute
  42. 2026-07-17 09:50 UTCGHSA enrichment
  43. 2026-07-17 06:09 UTCGHSA enrichment
  44. 2026-07-17 02:28 UTCGHSA enrichment
  45. 2026-07-16 22:48 UTCGHSA enrichment
  46. 2026-07-16 19:07 UTCGHSA enrichment
  47. 2026-07-16 17:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  48. 2026-07-16 15:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  49. 2026-07-16 11:46 UTCGHSA enrichment
  50. 2026-07-16 08:05 UTCGHSA enrichment
  51. 2026-07-16 04:25 UTCGHSA enrichment
  52. 2026-07-16 00:45 UTCGHSA enrichment
  53. 2026-07-15 21:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  54. 2026-07-15 17:24 UTCGHSA enrichment
  55. 2026-07-15 16:49 UTCCISA KEV update
  56. 2026-07-15 15:04 UTCCISA KEV update
  57. 2026-07-15 13:44 UTCGHSA enrichment
  58. 2026-07-15 10:04 UTCGHSA enrichment
  59. 2026-07-15 06:23 UTCGHSA enrichment
  60. 2026-07-15 02:43 UTCGHSA enrichment
  61. 2026-07-14 23:03 UTCGHSA enrichment
  62. 2026-07-14 19:21 UTCGHSA enrichment
  63. 2026-07-14 18:05 UTCCISA KEV update
  64. 2026-07-14 15:39 UTCGHSA enrichment
  65. 2026-07-14 11:58 UTCGHSA enrichment
  66. 2026-07-14 08:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  67. 2026-07-14 04:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  68. 2026-07-14 00:57 UTCGHSA enrichment
  69. 2026-07-13 21:17 UTCGHSA enrichment
  70. 2026-07-13 17:37 UTCGHSA enrichment
  71. 2026-07-13 17:07 UTCCISA KEV update
  72. 2026-07-13 13:56 UTCGHSA enrichment
  73. 2026-07-13 10:16 UTCGHSA enrichment
  74. 2026-07-13 06:35 UTCGHSA enrichment
  75. 2026-07-13 02:54 UTCGHSA enrichment

Publicly available exploits

(3 references)

Working exploit code is in the public domain (1 GitHub PoC) (1 Exploit-DB entry). Defenders should treat patch urgency accordingly — public PoCs typically lead to mass-exploitation within 24-72 hours.

  • Exploit-DBEDB-51677
    First seen Aug 10, 2023

    TP-Link Archer AX21 - Unauthenticated Command Injection

    Open source ↗
  • GitHub PoCVoyag3r-Security/CVE-2023-1389
    First seen Jul 28, 2023
    Open source ↗
  • Nucleihttp/cves/2023/CVE-2023-1389.yaml
    First seen Jan 1, 2023

    TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) - Unauthenticated Command Injection

    Open source ↗

Frequently asked(6)

What is CVE-2023-1389?
CVE-2023-1389 is a critical vulnerability published on March 15, 2023. TP-Link Archer AX21 (AX1800) firmware versions before 1.1.4 Build 20230219 contained a command injection vulnerability in the country form of the /cgi-bin/luci;stok=/locale endpoint on the web management interface. Specifically, the country parameter of the write operation was not sanitized before…
When was CVE-2023-1389 disclosed?
CVE-2023-1389 was first published in the National Vulnerability Database on March 15, 2023, with the most recent update on November 3, 2025. EchelonGraph re-ingests CVE updates from NVD on a 2-hour cycle, so this page reflects the latest published state.
Is CVE-2023-1389 actively exploited?
Yes. CISA added CVE-2023-1389 to the Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog on May 1, 2023, affecting TP-Link Archer AX21. KEV listing indicates confirmed exploitation in the wild; this CVE warrants immediate patching attention.
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2023-1389?
CVE-2023-1389 has a CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 (NVD). EchelonGraph synthesises NVD + CISA KEV + FIRST EPSS + GHSA into a combined EG score of 9.0.
Which products are affected by CVE-2023-1389?
CVE-2023-1389 affects TP-Link Archer AX21. The full affected-products list, including version ranges and fixed versions, is shown in the Affected Packages section of this page.
How do I remediate CVE-2023-1389?
Patch to the fixed version published by the affected vendor. Where vendor advisories exist for CVE-2023-1389, EchelonGraph cross-links them in the Vendor Advisories panel below — those typically contain the canonical remediation steps, fixed version numbers, and any vendor-specific mitigations.

Dependency Blast Radius

Explore the affected products and dependency analysis for CVE-2023-1389

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