CVE-2022-45406

CRITICALNVD 9.89.8
EchelonGraph scoreMEDIUM confidence

“—” beside the score: it is equal to NVD's CVSS score.

Score 9.8 from GitHub Security Advisory (severity: CRITICAL) published 2022-12-22. NVD baseline CVSS 9.8; sources differ by 0.0.

Triggered by: GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
Sources: EPSS, GitHub Security Advisory, NVD CVSS v3

Also known asEUVD-2022-48278 (ENISA EUVD) · GHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx (GitHub Security Advisories)Source: ENISA EUVD

9.8EG
EchelonGraph verdictPlan a fixRemediate within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high (the SSVC decision on this page).
  • High severity, but no confirmed exploitation yet
CISA-KEV: Not listedEPSS PROB: 1.1%CVSS: 9.8Exploit: None knownExposed services: Not assessed

A fix is available — apply it.

If an out-of-memory condition occurred when creating a JavaScript global, a JavaScript realm may be deleted while references to it lived on in a BaseShape. This could lead to a use-after-free causing a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 102.5, Thunderbird < 102.5, and Firefox < 107.

CVSS v3
9.8
EG Score
9.8CRITICALmedium confidence
EG Risk
60
EG Risk 60/100

EG Risk is EchelonGraph's 0–100 priority score. It fuses impact severity (EG Severity, the CVSS base score, never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score) with real-world exploitation and automatability, under weights EchelonGraph set by hand, so you can rank equal-severity CVEs and fix the most dangerous first. Higher = act sooner.

How it’s computed (value × EchelonGraph’s weight)
Severity98% × 45%
Impact severity (EG Severity): CVSS 9.8 of 10. Never the KEV-floored or EPSS-lifted EG Score.
Exploitation1.1% × 40%
FIRST EPSS: the 30-day exploitation probability when EchelonGraph scored this CVE.
Automatability100% × 15%
CISA's SSVC Automatable value: yes (Vulnrichment).
SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph): Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).
Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE.
Action: A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.
EPSS PROB
1.1%
EPSS %ILE
65th
KEV
Not listed

What the EG score is made of (scorer v4.0: the three questions the 0–10 score mixes, published apart · methodology)

The EG score (9.8): severity, escalated by confirmed exploitation. This CVE's 9.8 is its impact severity (EG Severity), not escalated.

EG Severity
9.8 CRITICALCVSS-B, impact only: no KEV listing, EPSS or EG-KEV tier raises it.GitHub Security Advisory CVSS
EG Likelihood
1.1% within 30 daysSource: FIRST EPSS (model v2026.06.15, score date 2026-11-12). FIRST's exploitation probability, not an EchelonGraph model.
Confirmed exploitation
None on record (CISA KEV, EG-KEV Tier 1)Reported apart from the likelihood: an observed fact, not a probability.
EG Priority
SSVC Track at medium mission impactTrack at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).CISA BOD 26-04: 3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.Each input and its source, and whom BOD 26-04 binds: the SSVC and BOD 26-04 blocks below.

SSVC (CISA's decision table, applied by EchelonGraph)Track at low or medium mission impact; Attend at high (mission-essential systems).

A fix is available. Apply it within your standard update timelines at low or medium mission impact and sooner than that at high.

Exploitation none (CISA Vulnrichment) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). All three are CISA's SSVC values (Vulnrichment). EchelonGraph applied CISA's decision table to them; CISA publishes SSVC inputs and the table, not a decision for each CVE. Mission impact is CISA's Mission & Well-being decision point, and only you can judge it. CISA's table makes it high when Mission Prevalence is Essential — the vulnerable component "directly provides capabilities that constitute at least one MEF for at least one entity" (MEF: mission essential function) — or when Public Well-Being Impact is Irreversible: "multiple fatalities are likely", the cyber-physical system "is likely lost or destroyed", "extreme or serious externalities" are imposed on other parties, or social systems such as elections or the financial grid "are destabilized and potentially collapse". CISA's decision table

BOD 26-04 (CISA's remediation timeline, Table 1)3 days if the affected system is publicly exposed; 60 days if it is not.

The score's inputs: In CISA KEV no (CISA's KEV catalog) · Automatable yes (CISA Vulnrichment) · Technical impact total (CISA Vulnrichment). Whether your system is publicly exposed is yours to answer. BOD 26-04 binds US Federal Civilian Executive Branch agencies; for anyone else it is CISA's published timeline, a reference rather than an obligation. The directive · how EchelonGraph applies it

Published

December 22, 2022

Last Modified

April 15, 2025

Advisory Details (4)

Auto-updated Oct 10, 2026
Patch available.
Web page

Security Vulnerabilities fixed in Thunderbird 102.5 — Mozilla

https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-49/
Web page

Security Vulnerabilities fixed in Firefox ESR 102.5 — Mozilla

https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-48/
Web page

Security Vulnerabilities fixed in Firefox 107 — Mozilla

https://www.mozilla.org/security/advisories/mfsa2022-47/
Web page

1791975 - (CVE-2022-45406) Segfault in js::gc::IsForwarded<JSObject> at 0xe5e5e5e5e5e5e5e5

https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1791975

Patch Availability(18)

Vendor / EcosystemFix (by version range) / PatchReleasedSource
ubuntufirefox-locale-ast (107.0+build2-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) @ focal2026-11-02ubuntu
ubuntuthunderbird-locale-id (1:102.7.1+build2-0ubuntu0.20.04.1) @ focal2026-11-02ubuntu
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el9_02022-12-13redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el9_02022-12-13redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el9_12022-11-22redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el8_22022-11-21redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el8_62022-11-21redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el8_72022-11-21redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el8_12022-11-21redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el7_92022-11-21redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el8_42022-11-21redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el9_12022-11-21redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el8_72022-11-21redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el8_12022-11-21redhat
redhatfirefox-0:102.5.0-1.el7_92022-11-21redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el8_42022-11-21redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el8_62022-11-21redhat
redhatthunderbird-0:102.5.0-2.el8_22022-11-21redhat

Patches are aggregated from vendor advisories (Red Hat, Microsoft, Cisco, GitHub) and package ecosystems (OSV, GHSA). Multiple rows for the same upstream release have been deduplicated.

Affected Packages

(16 across 11 ecosystems)
Debian:10(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr102.1.0esr-1 ... 91.9.1esr-1~deb9u1 (176 versions)
  • every version up to 102.5.0esr-1~deb10u1: fixed in 102.5.0esr-1~deb10u1
—
thunderbird1:102.0.1-1 ... 1:91.9.0-1~deb9u1 (218 versions)
  • every version up to 1:102.5.0-1~deb10u1: fixed in 1:102.5.0-1~deb10u1
—
Debian:11(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr102.1.0esr-1 ... 91.9.1esr-1~deb9u1 (74 versions)
  • every version up to 102.5.0esr-1~deb11u1: fixed in 102.5.0esr-1~deb11u1
—
thunderbird1:102.0.1-1 ... 1:91.9.0-1~deb9u1 (95 versions)
  • every version up to 1:102.5.0-1~deb11u1: fixed in 1:102.5.0-1~deb11u1
—
Debian:12(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0esr-1: fixed in 102.5.0esr-1
—
thunderbird—
  • every version up to 1:102.5.0-1: fixed in 1:102.5.0-1
—
Debian:13(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0esr-1: fixed in 102.5.0esr-1
—
thunderbird—
  • every version up to 1:102.5.0-1: fixed in 1:102.5.0-1
—
Debian:14(2)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0esr-1: fixed in 102.5.0esr-1
—
thunderbird—
  • every version up to 1:102.5.0-1: fixed in 1:102.5.0-1
—
Alpine:v3.18(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0-r0: fixed in 102.5.0-r0
—
Alpine:v3.19(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0-r0: fixed in 102.5.0-r0
—
Alpine:v3.20(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0-r0: fixed in 102.5.0-r0
—
Alpine:v3.21(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0-r0: fixed in 102.5.0-r0
—
Alpine:v3.22(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0-r0: fixed in 102.5.0-r0
—
Alpine:v3.23(1)
PackageVulnerable rangeFix by version rangeDependents
firefox-esr—
  • every version up to 102.5.0-r0: fixed in 102.5.0-r0
—

Weakness Classification(2)

MITRE Common Weakness Enumeration — the root-cause categories this CVE belongs to.

All Vendor Advisories

(18)

Data Freshness Timeline

(refreshed 21× in last 7d / 90× in last 30d)

Each row is a time one of our pipelines fetched, updated or re-scored this CVE. For example, "NVD update" means NVD published or revised its analysis for this CVE; "MITRE cvelistV5" means we ingested or refreshed its CVE.org record (CNA or CISA ADP). An arrow marks a change the record states ("CVSS v3 → 9.1"); EPSS and GHSA rows show the values recorded at that time, not what changed (EPSS values are rounded; hover one for the exact figures). "EchelonGraph re-scored" is our own recompute of this CVE's score, not an update from a source, and is not counted in the refreshes above. Most recent first.

Showing the most recent 100 of 313 rows on record for this CVE.

A repeat, a row identical to one the same pipeline wrote less than 10 seconds earlier, is not a separate refresh and is not counted. None are among the latest 100 rows. The 213 oldest rows on record are not shown and were not checked, so the counts can still include repeats.

  1. 2026-11-13 11:19 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  2. 2026-11-13 11:19 UTCVendor advisory
  3. 2026-11-13 11:19 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  4. 2026-11-12 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  5. 2026-11-12 11:07 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  6. 2026-11-12 11:07 UTCVendor advisory
  7. 2026-11-12 11:07 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  8. 2026-11-11 16:33 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  9. 2026-11-11 10:54 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  10. 2026-11-11 10:54 UTCVendor advisory
  11. 2026-11-11 10:54 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  12. 2026-11-10 16:36 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  13. 2026-11-10 10:41 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  14. 2026-11-10 10:41 UTCVendor advisory
  15. 2026-11-10 10:41 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  16. 2026-11-09 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  17. 2026-11-09 10:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-09 10:29 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-09 10:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-08 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  21. 2026-11-08 10:17 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-08 10:17 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-08 10:17 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-11-07 16:34 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  25. 2026-11-07 09:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
Show 75 more
  1. 2026-11-07 09:59 UTCVendor advisory
  2. 2026-11-07 09:59 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  3. 2026-11-06 16:31 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  4. 2026-11-06 09:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  5. 2026-11-06 09:47 UTCVendor advisory
  6. 2026-11-06 09:47 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  7. 2026-11-05 16:32 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  8. 2026-11-05 09:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  9. 2026-11-05 09:35 UTCVendor advisory
  10. 2026-11-05 09:35 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  11. 2026-11-04 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 65th percentile
  12. 2026-11-04 09:23 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  13. 2026-11-04 09:23 UTCVendor advisory
  14. 2026-11-04 09:23 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  15. 2026-11-04 07:55 UTCOSV refresh
  16. 2026-11-03 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  17. 2026-11-03 09:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  18. 2026-11-03 09:10 UTCVendor advisory
  19. 2026-11-03 09:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  20. 2026-11-02 16:39 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  21. 2026-11-02 08:59 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  22. 2026-11-02 08:59 UTCVendor advisory
  23. 2026-11-02 08:58 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  24. 2026-11-01 08:47 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  25. 2026-11-01 08:47 UTCVendor advisory
  26. 2026-11-01 08:46 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  27. 2026-10-31 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  28. 2026-10-31 08:35 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  29. 2026-10-31 08:35 UTCVendor advisory
  30. 2026-10-31 08:34 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  31. 2026-10-30 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  32. 2026-10-30 08:22 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  33. 2026-10-30 08:22 UTCVendor advisory
  34. 2026-10-30 08:22 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  35. 2026-10-29 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  36. 2026-10-29 08:10 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  37. 2026-10-29 08:10 UTCVendor advisory
  38. 2026-10-29 08:10 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  39. 2026-10-28 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  40. 2026-10-28 07:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  41. 2026-10-28 07:55 UTCVendor advisory
  42. 2026-10-28 07:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  43. 2026-10-27 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  44. 2026-10-27 07:44 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  45. 2026-10-27 07:44 UTCVendor advisory
  46. 2026-10-27 07:44 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  47. 2026-10-26 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  48. 2026-10-26 04:50 UTCVendor advisory
  49. 2026-10-26 04:50 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  50. 2026-10-25 17:57 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  51. 2026-10-25 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  52. 2026-10-25 04:38 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  53. 2026-10-25 04:38 UTCVendor advisory
  54. 2026-10-25 04:38 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  55. 2026-10-24 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  56. 2026-10-24 04:26 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  57. 2026-10-24 04:26 UTCVendor advisory
  58. 2026-10-24 04:26 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  59. 2026-10-23 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  60. 2026-10-23 04:14 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  61. 2026-10-23 04:14 UTCVendor advisory
  62. 2026-10-23 04:14 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  63. 2026-10-22 16:30 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 64th percentile
  64. 2026-10-22 03:55 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  65. 2026-10-22 03:55 UTCVendor advisory
  66. 2026-10-22 03:55 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  67. 2026-10-21 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  68. 2026-10-21 03:43 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  69. 2026-10-21 03:43 UTCVendor advisory
  70. 2026-10-21 03:42 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  71. 2026-10-20 16:29 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile
  72. 2026-10-20 03:29 UTCEchelonGraph re-scored
  73. 2026-10-20 03:29 UTCVendor advisory
  74. 2026-10-20 03:29 UTCGHSA enrichmentGHSA-h3mp-j53v-44vx · GitHub severity CRITICAL · GitHub CVSS 9.8
  75. 2026-10-19 16:28 UTCEPSS rescoreEPSS 1.1% · 63rd percentile

Frequently asked(5)

What is CVE-2022-45406?
CVE-2022-45406 is a critical-severity vulnerability; its CVE record was published on December 22, 2022. If an out-of-memory condition occurred when creating a JavaScript global, a JavaScript realm may be deleted while references to it lived on in a BaseShape. This could lead to a use-after-free causing a potentially exploitable crash. This vulnerability affects Firefox ESR < 102.5, Thunderbird <…
When was the CVE record for CVE-2022-45406 published?
The CVE record for CVE-2022-45406 was published on December 22, 2022. That is the record's publication date; the vulnerability itself may have been made public earlier. EchelonGraph's copy of the record carries a last-modified date of April 15, 2025; the record at its source may have been updated since.
Is CVE-2022-45406 actively exploited?
CVE-2022-45406 is not currently on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog. FIRST EPSS estimates a 1.1% probability of exploitation in the next 30 days (65th percentile of EPSS-scored CVEs).
What is the CVSS score of CVE-2022-45406?
CVE-2022-45406 has a CVSS v3 base score of 9.8 (NVD).
How do I remediate CVE-2022-45406?
A fix for CVE-2022-45406 is available: update to the fixed version the vendor names in its advisory.

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